. 2019 Apr 30;180(6):419–429. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0082
This work is licensed under a Table 3.
Hormone profiles during an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and over 24 months of following a Paleolithic diet (n = 26) or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (n = 23). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Values within parentheses indicate number (n).
| Paleolithic diet | Control diet | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 months | 24 months | Baseline | 6 months | 24 months | |
| Glucose | ||||||
| Total AUC (120 min × mmol/L) | 902 ± 47 (25) | 879 ± 43 (25) | 935 ± 46 (26) | 927 ± 43(22) | 913 ± 46 (22) | 949 ± 48 (21) |
| Incremental AUC (120 min × mmol/L) | 299 ± 36 (25) | 296 ± 34 (25) | 329 ± 32 (26) | 309 ± 36 (22) | 290 ± 35 (22) | 322 ± 35 (21) |
| Fasting concentration (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.2 (25) | 4.9 ± 0.1 (26) | 5.1 ± 0.2 (26) | 5.3 ± 0.2 (23) | 5.3 ± 0.2 (23) | 5.2 ± 0.1 (22) |
| Insulin | ||||||
| Total AUC (120 min × mU/L ) | 7233 ± 952 (26) | 6310 ± 644 (26) | 6080 ± 600 (26) | 9452 ± 1163 (22) | 7545 ± 802 (22) | 8151 ± 812 (21) |
| Incremental AUC (120 min × mU/L) | 6219 ± 887 (26) | 5582 ± 613 (26) | 5134 ± 537 (26) | 8371 ± 1080 (22) | 6598 ± 769 (22) | 6981 ± 741 (21) |
| Fasting concentration (mU/L) | 8.5 ± 0.8 (26) | 6.1 ± 0.4 (26)### | 7.9 ± 0.7 (26) | 8.8 ± 0.9 (23) | 7.9 ± 0.7 (23) | 9.8 ± 0.9 (22) |
| GLP-1 | ||||||
| Total AUC (120 min × pmol/L) | 2424 ± 141 (24) | 2769 ± 122 (25)## | 2826 ± 244 (20)# | 2113 ± 132 (18) | 2287 ± 169 (21) | 2907 ± 325 (18)## |
| Incremental AUC (120 min × pmol/L) | 1084 ± 99 (24) | 1449 ± 111 (25)## | 1572 ± 233 (20)# | 933 ± 106 (18) | 1036 ± 134 (21) | 1488 ± 266 (18)# |
| Fasting concentration (pmol/L) | 11.2 ± 0.7 (24) | 10.9 ± 0.6 (26) | 10.8 ± 0.7 (22)* | 10.1 ± 0.6 (22) | 10.4 ± 0.7 (22) | 11.9 ± 0.6 (20)## |
| GIP | ||||||
| Total AUC (120 min × pmol/L) | 6683 ± 559 (24) | 7580 ± 664 (26)# | 7593 ± 593 (18)# | 6021 ± 371 (20) | 5953 ± 355 (21) | 6858 ± 567 (18) |
| Incremental AUC (120 min × pmol/L) | 4708 ± 426 (24) | 5804 ± 622 (26)# | 5799 ± 540 (18)## | 4629 ± 349 (20) | 4503 ± 334 (21) | 5151 ± 534 (18) |
| Fasting concentration (pmol/L) | 16.5 ± 1.9 (24) | 14.8 ± 1.2 (26) | 16.9 ± 1.9 (21) | 12.3 ± 1.2 (22) | 12.1 ± 1.3 (21) | 14.4 ± 1.5 (20) |
| Glucagon | ||||||
| Total AUC (120 min × pmol/L) | 496 ± 36 (23) | 558 ± 42 (24)# | 539 ± 34 (20) | 526 ± 42 (18) | 580 ± 37 (21)# | 636 ± 37 (19) |
| Fasting concentration (pmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.3 (24) | 5.5 ± 0.5 (25) | 5.7 ± 0.4 (22) | 5.5 ± 0.4 (22) | 5.6 ± 0.3 (22) | 6.8 ± 0.4 (21)# |
| Fasting glucagon/insulin ratio (pmol/mU) | 0.65 ± 0.06 (23) | 1.03 ± 0.10 (24)## | 0.93 ± 0.11 (20) | 0.70 ± 0.09 (17) | 0.87 ± 0.11 (21)## | 0.88 ± 0.09 (18)## |
*P < 0.05 for the difference between diet groups. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 for the within-group change over time vs baseline.