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. 2019 Feb;16(1):55–70. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0157

1.

(A, B) Evaluation of the levels of phosphorylated (p)-Akt, p-MAPK, and p-ERK after treatment with 10<sup>–8</sup> M estradiol for 0, 15, 30, 60, or 120 min, compared to the control group (without estradiol treatment), in (A) Ishikawa and (B) ECC-1 cells. Bar chart summarizes the protein quantification data obtained via Western blot analysis. (C, D) Evaluation of the effects of insulin and estradiol on the ratios of p-Akt/Akt, p-MAPK/MAPK, and p-ERK/ERK at 60 min post-stimulation in (C) Ishikawa and (D) ECC-1 cells via Western blot analysis. Bar chart represents the protein quantification data obtained via the Western blot analysis. *<italic>P</italic> < 0.05 for all experiments.

Estradiol and insulin synergistically activate the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2.