Table 4.
Depression cohort: multivariable association of demographic and socio-economic factors with change in PHQ-9 score at 12 months
| Comparison group | Treatment group | Difference of difference (95% CI) | Wald χ2 | |||||
| N | Mean (SD) | Adjusted mean change (95% CI) from BL | N | Mean (SD) | Adjusted mean change (95% CI) from BL | |||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 88 | 8.8 (4.09) | −4.09 (−5.19 to −2.98) | 85 | 7.1 (4.29) | −6.36 (−7.65 to −5.06) | −2.27 (−3.63 to −0.92) | 1.58 |
| Female | 43 | 9.5 (3.74) | −3.21 (−4.67 to −1.75) | 105 | 7.4 (4.06) | −6.75 (−7.91 to −5.60) | −3.55 (−5.26 to −1.83) | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–29 | 19 | 7.9 (4.68) | −5.19 (−7.39 to −3.00) | 39 | 6.0 (3.73) | −8.11 (−9.91 to −6.31) | −2.92 (−5.48 to −0.35) | 3.94 |
| 30–49 | 49 | 8.2 (3.99) | −4.46 (−5.92 to −3.01) | 99 | 7.3 (4.33) | −7.07 (−8.40 to −5.73) | −2.60 (−4.24 to −0.97) | |
| 50+ | 63 | 10.0 (3.53) | −3.56 (−4.87 to −2.24) | 52 | 8.2 (3.93) | −5.66 (−7.15 to 4.17) | −2.10 (−3.91 to −0.29) | |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Hindu | 109 | 8.9 (4.10) | −3.83 (−4.83 to −2.82) | 169 | 7.1 (4.26) | −6.43 (−7.57 to −5.28) | −2.60 (−3.72 to −1.48) | 0.51 |
| Other | 22 | 9.6 (3.32) | −3.19 (−5.09 to −1.28) | 21 | 8.4 (3.02) | −5.35 (−7.32 to −3.39) | −2.17 (−4.80 to 0.46) | |
| Education | ||||||||
| Uneducated/Illiterate | 41 | 9.4 (3.48) | −3.32 (−4.70 to −1.94) | 71 | 7.8 (4.42) | −6.15 (−7.47 to −4.84) | −2.83 (−4.52 to −1.14) | 3.13 |
| Less than primary education | 43 | 9.7 (4.03) | −3.26 (−4.67 to −1.85) | 47 | 7.9 (4.15) | −5.42 (−6.88 to −3.96) | −2.16 (−4.03 to −0.29) | |
| Primary education or above | 47 | 8.1 (4.24) | −4.58 (−5.98 to −3.18) | 72 | 6.4 (3.78) | −7.04 (−8.345 to −5.74) | −2.46 (−4.09 to −0.83) | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| No partner | 6 | 8.2 (5.91) | −3.74 (−7.05 to −0.44) | 23 | 8.7 (3.99) | −5.85 (−7.71 to −3.99) | −2.11 (−5.81 to 1.59) | 0.09 |
| Has a partner | 125 | 9.1 (3.89) | −3.44 (−4.27 to −2.61) | 167 | 7.1 (4.15) | −5.90 (−6.85 to −4.95) | −2.47 (−3.47 to −1.47) | |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 39 | 9.5 (3.95) | −3.22 (−4.71 to −1.73) | 80 | 7.0 (4.00) | −6.88 (−8.25 to −5.510) | −3.66 (−5.46 to −1.86) | 0.85 |
| Employed | 92 | 8.9 (3.99) | −4.07 (−5.11 to −3.02) | 110 | 7.5 (4.27) | −6.14 (−7.24 to −5.03) | −2.07 (−3.34 to −0.80) | |
| Food insecurity | ||||||||
| Food secure | 123 | 9.0 (4.06) | −4.01 (−4.96 to −3.06) | 182 | 7.2 (4.11) | −6.60 (−7.61 to −5.59) | −2.59 (−3.67 to −1.50) | 1.83 |
| Food insecure | 8 | 10.3 (2.25) | −1.73 (−4.90 to 1.45) | 8 | 9.8 (4.59) | −5.92 (−9.52 to −2.32) | −4.19 (−8.96 to 0.58) | |
BL, Baseline;PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item.