Table 2.
Comparison of biomarker levels across outcome groups.
| Group comparison | HC | HIV | VL+ | VL- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 56 | 129 | 48 | 80 |
| Lymphocyte biomarkers | ||||
| sCD27 (U/ml) | 23.18 (11.54)a | 57.10 (36.90)* | 75.69 (46.63)* | 45.45 (23.33)* |
| IFN- (pg/ml) | 23.27 (33.50) | 12.43 (36.05)* | 20.67 (49.20) | 7.62 (24.47) |
| sCD25 (pg/ml) | 50.06 (34.30) | 67.40 (80.26) | 106.72 (116.17)* | 43.90 (30.15) |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 12.61 (18.65) | 5.99 (13.08) | 9.59 (20.03) | 3.73 (4.98) |
| Monocyte/Macrophage biomarkers | ||||
| sCD163 (ng/ml) | 351.14 (168.21) | 546.48 (304.55)* | 711.58 (401.55)* | 446.99 (166.58)* |
| sCD14 (ng/ml) | 991.05 (501.97) | 1463.09 (422.77)* | 1428.84 (450.53)* | 1482.36 (409.40)* |
| LPS (EU/ml) | 0.16 (0.07) | 0.21 (0.08)* | 0.23 (0.06)* | 0.20 (0.09) |
| TNF (pg/ml) | 4.68 (3.26) | 11.31 (25.62)* | 13.71 (24.80)* | 9.95 (26.29) |
| GM-CSF (pg/ml) | 2.60 (4.60) | 0.90 (1.99)* | 0.62 (1.33)* | 1.08 (2.30) |
| CCL2 (pg/ml) | 142.88 (98.34) | 208.88 (303.25) | 273.27 (468.82) | 167.80 (116.30) |
| IL-1 (pg/ml) | 3.82 (7.58) | 28.10 (101.36) | 57.17 (151.15) | 10.99 (47.26) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 6.68 (10.83) | 13.80 (66.69) | 30.44 (106.95) | 3.98 (11.56) |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 7.93 (7.92) | 64.22 (290.41) | 128.28 (464.51) | 21.61 (50.32) |
| MMP-2 (ng/ml) | 206.03 (35.14) | 195.61 (39.13) | 196.38 (39.28) | 194.29 (38.75) |
| Cardiovascular biomarkers | ||||
| MPO (ng/ml) | 181.13 (211.48) | 280.54 (269.37)* | 314.82 (256.49)* | 260.98 (277.92) |
| slCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 1780.94 (9454.89) | 214.33 (302.62)* | 201.15 (243.60) | 219.32 (335.03)* |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 633.28 (202.84) | 597.08 (238.86) | 718.78 (286.44) | 522.98 (170.22)* |
| CRP (ng/ml) | 1987.63 (6700.38) | 1417.70 (5496.65) | 1016.86 (3651.08) | 1675.71 (6390.02) |
| Bone related | ||||
| Osteopontin (ng/ml) | 60.50 (34.58) | 51.53 (21.21) | 48.88 (20.93)* | 53.68 (20.85) |
a
all values shown are mean (standard deviation).
*
indicate statistical significance compared with HC. P-values are calculated using mixed model after log transformation.
Bonferroni-corrected significance cut-off to adjust for multiple comparisons: p<0.002 for lymphocyte and cadiovascular biomarkers, p<0.00083 for monocyte/macrophage biomarkers, p<0.0083 for bone related biomarker.