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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 21.

Published in final edited form as: JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Nov;169(11):1046–1052. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1736

Table 2.

Substance Use Behavior Outcomes Measured^a

Behavior^b	DARE Studies	LST Studies	ALERT Studies	SFA Studies
Alcohol use
Current	X²⁵		X,^26–28 X²⁹	X^20,21
Past year	X^22,23		X²⁹
Lifetime	X²⁵		X,^26–28 X²⁹	X^20,21
Frequency		X^17–19
Bingeing	NA		NA
Current				X^20,21
Past year
Lifetime
Frequency		X^17–19
Cigarette use
Current	X²⁵		X,^26–28 X²⁹	X^20,21
Past year	X^22,23		X²⁹
Lifetime	X²⁵		X,^26–28 X²⁹	X^20,21
Frequency		X^17–19
Drunkenness	NA		NA	NA
Current
Past year
Lifetime
Frequency		X^17–19
Inhalant use	NA		NA	NA
Current
Past year
Lifetime
Frequency		X^17–19
Marijuana use
Current			X,^26–28 X²⁹	O^20,21
Past year	X^22,23		O²⁹
Lifetime			X,^26–28 X²⁹	O^20,21
Frequency		X^17–19
Snuff/chew use	NA
Current			NA	NA
Past year
Lifetime
Frequency		X^17–19
Other		NA
Current	X²⁵		X^26–28	X^20,21
Past year
Lifetime	X²⁵		X^26–28	X^20,21

Abbreviations: DARE, Drug Abuse Resistance Education; LST, Life Skills Training; NA, not applicable; SFA, Skills for Adolescence.

^a

Nonsignificant outcomes measured are indicated with an “X”; outcomes with significant results at final study follow-up are indicated with an “O.”

^b

“Current” refers to use during the past 2 weeks²⁵ or during the past month.^20,21,26,29