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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Nov;169(11):1046–1052. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1736

Table 2.

Substance Use Behavior Outcomes Measureda

Behaviorb DARE Studies LST Studies ALERT Studies SFA Studies
Alcohol use
 Current X25 X,26–28 X29 X20,21
 Past year X22,23 X29
 Lifetime X25 X,26–28 X29 X20,21
 Frequency X17–19
Bingeing NA NA
 Current X20,21
 Past year
 Lifetime
 Frequency X17–19
Cigarette use
 Current X25 X,26–28 X29 X20,21
 Past year X22,23 X29
 Lifetime X25 X,26–28 X29 X20,21
 Frequency X17–19
Drunkenness NA NA NA
 Current
 Past year
 Lifetime
 Frequency X17–19
Inhalant use NA NA NA
 Current
 Past year
 Lifetime
 Frequency X17–19
Marijuana use
 Current X,26–28 X29 O20,21
 Past year X22,23 O29
 Lifetime X,26–28 X29 O20,21
 Frequency X17–19
Snuff/chew use NA
 Current NA NA
 Past year
 Lifetime
 Frequency X17–19
Other NA
 Current X25 X26–28 X20,21
 Past year
 Lifetime X25 X26–28 X20,21

Abbreviations: DARE, Drug Abuse Resistance Education; LST, Life Skills Training; NA, not applicable; SFA, Skills for Adolescence.

a

Nonsignificant outcomes measured are indicated with an “X”; outcomes with significant results at final study follow-up are indicated with an “O.”

b

“Current” refers to use during the past 2 weeks25 or during the past month.20,21,26,29