Table 1.

Dysregulation of miR‐149‐5p and miR‐149‐3p and their targets and functions in various tumours

Cancer type	MiR‐149 form	Expression	Function targets	Biological functions	References
Glioma	miR‐149‐5p	Up	Caspase‐2	Inhibiting apoptosis	24
	miR‐149‐3p	Down	Akt1 and E2F1	Inducing apoptosis	68
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	p‐AKT1, PCNA, CyclinD1, MMP‐2	Inhibiting proliferation and invasion	21, 38
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	RAP1B, CD47, CCNI, NXF1	Inhibiting proliferation and migration	22
CRC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	FOXM1	Suppressing metastasis; mediating chemoresistance	32, 74
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	SP1	Inhibiting proliferation and invasion	18
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	Iron‐related genes, associated with invasion depth of CRC	19
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	SRPX2	Inhibiting migration or invasion	34
NSCLC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	FOXM1	Suppressing EMT	12
SCC of NSCLC	miR‐149‐5p	Higher than adenocarcinoma	ABCC3, MUC1, CEACAM6	–	91
BC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	Rap1a/1b	Inhibiting migration	10
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	GIT1	Inhibiting migration, invasion and metastasis	35
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	ErbB3	Inhibiting proliferation	36
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	NDST1	Associated with chemoresistance	84
	miR‐149‐3p	Down	GIT1	Suppressing proliferation and metastasis	77
Early‐relapsing BC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	Inhibiting metastasis	93
HCC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	Akt1	Inhibiting proliferation	9
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	PPM1F	Inhibiting metastasis	76
	miR‐149‐5p	Down	PARP2	Tumour onco‐effect	92
HCC with hepatitis C virus infected	miR‐149‐3p	Down	AAK1, PHLPPL	–	105
GC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	ZBTB2	Inhibiting proliferation and cell cycle	17
	miR‐149‐3p	Down	Wnt‐1	Inhibiting tumour progression	99
CAFs in GC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	IL‐6, EP2	Inhibiting metastasis	37
NPC	miR‐149‐5p	Up	E‐cadherin	Promoting proliferation, mobility and invasion	14
	miR‐149‐5p	Up	Smad2, TP63, CNTNAP2	Promoting tumour progression	78
	miR‐149‐5p	‐	IL‐6	Promoting tumour progression	30
RCC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	Suppressing cell proliferation and migration, promoting apoptosis	11
ccRCC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	FOXM1, LOX, KCNAB1, KCNMA1	Inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion	39, 73
	MiR‐149‐3p	Down	FOXM1	Inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion	73
PC	miR‐149‐5p	Up	SOX2, NANOG, Oct4	Promoting proliferation	29
	miR‐149‐3p	Down	–	As one of diagnostic marker	105
CRPC	miR‐149‐5p	Up	Ras, Rho, the SCF complex	Interfering cell cycle	25
T‐cell ALL	miR‐149‐3p	Up	JunB	Promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis	13
Melanoma	miR‐149‐3p	Up	GSK3α	Apoptosis resistance	8
	miR‐149‐5p	Up	–	Correlated to metastasis	70
Cervical carcinoma	miR‐149‐3p	Down	Akt1 and E2F1, b‐Myb	Inducing apoptosis	68
Uveal melanoma	miR‐149‐3p	–	–	Correlating with liver metastasis	80
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	Inhibiting proliferation, correlated to tumour stage and metastasis situation	67
Oesophagus adenocarcinoma	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	–	83
UTUC	miR‐149‐5p	Down	–	Associated with tumour progression	23
Chordoma	miR‐149‐3p	Up	MKP, PKA, MEKK2β	Promoting tumour progression	40
OS	miR‐149‐5p	Up	BMP9	Inhibiting apoptosis	69
BCa	miR‐149‐3p	Down	S100A4	Inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion	79

BC, breast cancer; BCa, Bladder cancer; CAF, cancer‐associated fibroblasts; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; CRPC, castration‐resistant prostate cancer; GC, gastric cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; NSCLC, non‐small‐cell lung cancer; OS, osteocarcinoma; PC, prostate cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SCC, squamous cell cancer; T‐cell ALL, T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; UTUC, upper tract urothelial carcinoma.