Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with incident HF by diagnosis care setting.
| Characteristic | All Patients (n = 93,074) | Diagnosis Care Setting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inpatient (HF Primary Cause) (n = 11,578, 12%) |
Inpatient (HF Secondary Cause) (n = 40,789, 44%) |
Outpatient (Specialist or Primary Care) (n = 40,707, 44%) |
||
| Age [years], mean (SD) | 76.7 (12.6) | 78.1 (12.6) | 77.6 (12.4) | 75.4 (12.7) |
| Women, no. (%) | 45,647 (49%) | 6,054 (52%) | 20,844 (51%) | 18,749 (46%) |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | ||||
| White | 56,011 (88%) | 6,974 (88%) | 25,259 (88%) | 23,778 (87%) |
| Missing | 29,122 (31%) | 3,609 (31%) | 12,132 (30%) | 13,381 (33%) |
| Socioeconomic status, no. (%) | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 18,371 (20%) | 2,182 (19%) | 7,889 (19%) | 8,300 (20%) |
| 2 | 20,073 (22%) | 2,492 (21%) | 8,600 (21%) | 8,981 (22%) |
| 3 | 20,052 (22%) | 2,479 (21%) | 8,697 (21%) | 8,876 (22%) |
| 4 | 18,308 (20%) | 2,307 (20%) | 8,122 (20%) | 7,879 (19%) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 16,270 (17%) | 2,118 (18%) | 7,481 (18%) | 6,671 (16%) |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||
| Mean (SD) [mmHg] | 133 (21) | 133 (21) | 132 (20) | 133 (201) |
| Missing, no. (%) | 5,195 (6%) | 654 (6%) | 2,656 (7%) | 1,885 (5%) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||
| Mean (SD) [mmHg] | 74 (12) | 74 (12) | 74 (11) | 75 (12) |
| Missing, no. (%) | 5,195 (6%) | 654 (6%) | 2,656 (7%) | 1,885 (5%) |
| BMI category, no. (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 2,193 (4%) | 284 (4%) | 1,107 (5%) | 802 (3%) |
| Normal | 17,381 (31%) | 2,164 (33%) | 7,657 (32%) | 7,560 (30%) |
| Overweight | 18,786 (34%) | 2,067 (31%) | 7,818 (33%) | 8,901 (35%) |
| Obese | 17,644 (31%) | 2,139 (32%) | 7,162 (30%) | 8,343 (33%) |
| Missing | 37,070 (40%) | 4,924 (43%) | 17,045 (42%) | 15,101 (37%) |
| Smoking, no. (%) | ||||
| No | 29,551 (41%) | 3,787 (44%) | 12,647 (40%) | 13,117 (41%) |
| Ex | 32,572 (45%) | 3,683 (43%) | 14,299 (46%) | 14,590 (46%) |
| Yes | 9,596 (13%) | 1,082 (13%) | 4,360 (14%) | 4,154 (13%) |
| Missing | 21,355 (23%) | 3,026 (26%) | 9,483 (23%) | 8,846 (22%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation, no. (%) | 36,950 (40%) | 5,199 (45%) | 17,325 (42%) | 14,426 (35%) |
| Chronic kidney disease, no. (%) | 22,762 (24%) | 3,233 (28%) | 11,336 (28%) | 8,193 (20%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no. (%) | 17,896 (19%) | 2,113 (18%) | 9,276 (23%) | 6,507 (16%) |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 20,531 (22%) | 2,952 (25%) | 9,412 (23%) | 8,167 (20%) |
| Dyslipidaemia, no. (%) | 25,958 (28%) | 3,281 (28%) | 12,524 (31%) | 10,153 (25%) |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 62,419 (67%) | 8,226 (71%) | 28,776 (71%) | 25,417 (62%) |
| Ischaemic heart disease, no. (%) | 45,584 (49%) | 5,804 (50%) | 22,247 (55%) | 17,533 (43%) |
| Osteoarthritis, no. (%) | 40,176 (43%) | 5,029 (43%) | 18,227 (45%) | 16,920 (42%) |
| 3 or more comorbidities, no. (%) | 73,610 (79%) | 9,567 (83%) | 34,904 (86%) | 29,139 (72%) |
Number and percentage of records with missing data are displayed for variables with missing entries. Category percentages refer to complete cases. Socioeconomic status refers to IMD 2015 quintile, with 1 referring to the most affluent and 5 to the most deprived quintile. Number of comorbidities refers to any of the 17 conditions investigated (see Methods). Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; HF, heart failure; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.