Table 1.
Background and clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | Total N=3191 (%) |
Death n=344 (%) |
Others n=2847 (%) |
Mortality rate per 100 person years at risk (95% CI) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1986 (62.2) | 244 (70.9) | 1742 (61.2) | 4.0 (3.4 to 4.5) |
| Female | 1205 (37.8) | 100 (29.1) | 1105 (38.8) | 2.4 (1.9 to 3.9) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-indigenous | 1396 (43.7) | 143 (41.6) | 1253 (44) | 3.2 (2.6 to 3.8) |
| Indigenous | 1795 (56.3) | 201 (58.4) | 1594 (56) | 3.5 (3.0 to 4.1) |
| Age at ART initiation, median (IQR) | 36 (32–42) | 37 (32–43) | 36 (32–42) | |
| ≤36 years | 1597 (50) | 170 (49.4) | 1427 (50.1) | 3.6 (3.1 to 4.2) |
| >36 years | 1594 (50) | 174 (50.6) | 1420 (49.9) | 3.1 (2.7 to 3.7) |
| Residence | ||||
| Valley | 916 (28.7) | 122 (35.5) | 794 (27.9) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.7) |
| Hill | 1280 (40.1) | 126 (36.6) | 1154 (40.5) | 3.2 (2.6 to 3.8) |
| Terai | 995 (31.2) | 96 (27.9) | 899 (31.6) | 4.2 (3.3 to 5.3) |
| Clinical stage | ||||
| Stage I | 750 (23.5) | 42 (12.2) | 708 (24.9) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.5) |
| Stage II | 845 (26.5) | 39 (11.3) | 806 (28.3) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.9) |
| Stage III | 1086 (34.0) | 123 (35.8) | 963 (33.8) | 3.7 (3.1 to 4.5) |
| Stage IV | 510 (16.0) | 140 (40.7) | 370 (13) | 10.2 (8.4 to 12.3) |
| CD4 cell count (cells/cm3),* median (IQR) | 132 (64–201) | 85 (41–140) | 139 (70–208) | |
| ≤50 | 523 (18.4) | 91 (28.7) | 432 (17.1) | 6.0 (4.7 to 7.5) |
| 51–100 | 570 (20.0) | 93 (29.3) | 477 (18.9) | 5.2 (4.1 to 6.6) |
| 101–200 | 1033 (36.3) | 103 (32.5) | 930 (36.8) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.4) |
| >200 | 721 (25.3) | 30 (9.5) | 691 (27.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.7) |
| Duration of ART initiation, median (IQR) | 21 (1–54) | 3 (1–13.2) | 24 (2–58) | |
| ≤3 months | 956 (30) | 184 (53.5) | 772 (27.1) | 311.9 (261.6 to 372.0) |
| >3–6 months | 174 (5.5) | 40 (11.6) | 134 (4.7) | 55.9 (41.0 to 76.2) |
| >6–12 months | 239 (7.5) | 30 (8.7) | 209 (7.3) | 16.2 (11.3 to 23.1) |
| >12–24 months | 395 (12.4) | 36 (10.5) | 359 (12.6) | 5.6 (4.0 to 7.8) |
| >24 months | 1427 (44.7) | 54 (15.7) | 1373 (48.2) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) |
*Missing, overall cohort period: 8484.8 person years; mortality rate per 100 person years (95% CI) 3.3 (3.0 to 3.7). P value obtained from χ2 test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon signed-rank for continuous variables.
ART, antiretroviral therapy.