Figure 4.

Effect of ATRA on expression of genes involved in MSCs survival, migration and angiogenesis. MSCs were treated with ATRA (0, 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L) for 24 hours, and the expression of genes was measured by qRT‐PCR. The expression of these genes was significantly increased compared to untreated control. These effects were inhibited by celecoxib. Data were normalized to levels of 18s rRNA. *P<.05, **P<.01 and ***P<.001 vs non‐treated MSCs and ^# P<.001 vs 100 μmol/L ATRA‐treated MSCs. Cyclooxygenase‐2, COX‐2; hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, HIF‐1; C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4, CXCR4; C‐C chemokine receptor type 2, CCR2; Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; Angiopoietin‐2, Ang‐2; and Angiopoietin‐4, Ang‐4