Table 1:
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Cases (N=431) N (%) |
Controls (N=470) N (%) |
p value | HBsAg prevalence among controls (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| < 35 | 101 (23.4) | 151 (32.1) | 0.01 | 23.8 |
| 35 - 49 | 145 (33.6) | 131 (27.9) | 16.0 | |
| 50 - 59 | 82 (19.1) | 96 (20.4) | 14.6 | |
| ≥ 60 | 103 (23.9) | 92 (19.6) | 9.8 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | 329 (76.3) | 329 (70.0) | 0.03 | 19.8 |
| Females | 102 (23.7) | 141 (20.0) | 10.6 | |
| Study site | ||||
| RVH | 182 (42.2) | 130 (27.7) | < 0.001 | 18.5 |
| MRC | 124 (28.8) | 126 (26.8) | 23.8 | |
| BSG | 125 (29.0) | 214 (45.5) | 12.1 | |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| Madinka | 111 (26.2) | 156 (33.2) | 0.003 | 16.7 |
| Fula | 114 (27.0) | 93 (19.8) | 12.9 | |
| Wollof | 92 (21.8) | 75 (16.0) | 17.3 | |
| Others/unknown | 114 (26.5) | 146 (31.0) | 19.9 | |
| Attended school | ||||
| Never | 91 (21.1) | 52 (11.0) | < 0.001 | 13.5 |
| Ever | 332 (77.0) | 412 (87.7) | 16.8 | |
| Unknown | 8 (1.9) | 6 (1.3) | ||
| Earth floor house | ||||
| No | 169 (39.2) | 231 (49.2) | 0.004 | 16.7 |
| Yes | 251 (58.2) | 233 (49.6) | 16.0 | |
| Unknown | 11 (2.6) | 6 (1.3) | ||
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Never | 364 (84.5) | 418 (88.9) | 0.14 | 16.5 |
| Ever | 50 (11.6) | 39 (8.3) | 18.0 | |
| Unknown | 17 (3.9) | 13 (2.8) | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Never smoker | 205 (47.6) | 277 (58.9) | 0.001 | 14.4 |
| Former smoker | 142 (33.0) | 107 (22.8) | 23.4 | |
| Current smoker | 70 (16.2) | 77 (16.4) | 14.3 | |
| Unknown | 14 (3.2) | 9 (1.9) | ||
| Family history of cancer | ||||
| No | 385 (89.3) | 444 (94.5) | 0.005 | 16.0 |
| Yes | 38 (8.8) | 17 (3.6) | 23.5 | |
| Unknown | 8 (1.9) | 9 (1.9) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 52 (12.1) | 62 (13.2) | 0.81 | 27.4 |
| Ever married | 371 (86.1) | 401 (85.3) | 14.2 | |
| Unknown | 8 (1.7) | 7 (1.5) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| < 18.5 | 131 (30.4) | 105 (22.4) | < 0.001 | 17.1 |
| ≥ 18.5 | 144 (33.4) | 285 (60.6) | 16.1 | |
| Unknown | 156 (36.2) | 80 (17.0) | ||
| anti-HCV | ||||
| Negative | 329 (76.3) | 429 (91.3) | < 0.001 | 17.3 |
| Positive | 53 (12.3) | 14 (3.0) | 7.1 | |
| Unknown | 49 (11.4) | 27 (5.7) | ||
| Hepatitis B surface antigen | ||||
| Negative | 181 (42.0) | 390 (83.0) | < 0.001 | … |
| Positive | 250 (58.0) | 80 (17.0) | … | |
| Ser-249 TP53 mutation | ||||
| Absent | 182 (42.2) | 332 (70.6) | < 0.001 | 14.2 |
| Present | 81 (18.8) | 17 (3.6) | 11.8 | |
| Unknown | 168 (39.0) | 121 (25.7) |
Abbreviations: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RVH, Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul; MRC, Medical Research Council Hospital, Fajara; BSG, Bansang Hospital, Bansang