Table 1.
Sample characteristics overall and according to maternal pre-pregnancy obesity status.
| Pre-Pregnancy BMI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n=321) | < 30.0 kg/m2 (n=255) | ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 (n=66) | ||
| n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | Pa | |
| Age, y | 27.6 (23.2, 31.9) | 27.7 (23.2, 31.7) | 27.3 (23.0, 32.6) | 0.84 |
| Race-ethnicity | 0.004 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 75 (30.9) | 60 (32.9) | 15 (20.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 45 (23.3) | 31 (21.5) | 14 (33.3) | |
| Hispanic | 123 (27.2) | 87 (23.8) | 36 (46.6) | |
| Asian & Pacific Islander | 78 (18.5) | 77 (21.8) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Education | 0.01 | |||
| High school or less | 81 (25.1) | 60 (22.7) | 21 (38.3) | |
| Some college/associate degree | 117 (35.2) | 85 (33.2) | 32 (46.5) | |
| 4-year college degree or higher | 123 (39.8) | 110 (44.2) | 13 (15.2) | |
| Nulliparous | 144 (51.1) | 117 (53.2) | 27 (39.5) | 0.17 |
| Smokedb | 5 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.6) | -- |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6 (22, 27.4) | 23.9 (21.6, 25.7) | 35.0 (32.4, 38.0) | <0.001 |
| 19.0–24.9 | 156 (51.7) | 156 (61.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 99 (33.1) | 99 (39.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 30.0–45.0 | 66 (15.2) | 0 (0.0) | 66 (100.0) | |
| Maternal weight gainc, kg | ||||
| 10–14 weeks | 1.9 (0.4, 3.2) | 2.0 (0.4, 3.2) | 1.7 (−1.4, 4.0) | 0.36 |
| 15–26 weeks | 4.5 (1.8, 6.8) | 4.6 (2.2, 6.9) | 2.3 (−0.3, 5.4) | 0.20 |
| 23–31 weeks | 8.7 (5.9, 11.4) | 9.3 (6.6, 11.4) | 5.5 (2.5, 8.2) | <0.001 |
| 33–39 weeks | 13.6 (10.9, 17.2) | 14 (11.3, 17.6) | 11.5 (6.9, 13.5) | 0.01 |
| Preterm delivery, <37 weeks | 22 (9.1) | 17 (8.4) | 5 (12.6) | 0.54 |
| Gestational diabetes | 107 (3.9) | 75 (3.2) | 32 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Preeclampsia | 10 (2.2) | 6 (2.0) | 4 (3.2) | 0.65 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.
a
P-value represents the difference between the median level in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI <30.0 kg/m2 and ≥ 30.0 kg/m2
b
Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 30.0 kg/m2 who smoked were not eligible for the study
c
Maternal weight gain calculated as the difference between the maternal weight measured at the research visit and pre-pregnancy weight self-reported at enrollment.