Table 4.
Longitudinal maternal plasma leptin, sOB-R, and HMW-adiponectin concentrations and the association with neonatal birthweight, length, and sum of skinfolds among women with pre-pregnancy normal or overweight or obesity.
| Neonatal Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birthweight, g | Length, cm | Sum of Skinfolds, mm | ||||
| Pre-Pregnancy BMI | Pre-Pregnancy BMI | Pre-Pregnancy BMI | ||||
| <30.0 kg/m2 | ≥30.0 kg/m2 | <30.0 kg/m2 | ≥30.0 kg/m2 | <30.0 kg/m2 | ≥30.0 kg/m2 | |
| Maternal Biomarker | Adjusteda β (95% CI) | Adjusteda β (95% CI) | Adjusteda β (95% CI) | Adjusteda β (95% CI) | Adjusteda β (95% CI) | Adjusteda β (95% CI) |
| Leptin, ng/ml | ||||||
| 10–14 weeks | −2.34 (−8.76, 4.08) | −3.17 (−13.84, 7.50) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.03) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.17) |
| 15–26 weeks | −3.70 (−9.55, 2.15) | 3.04 (−5.66, 11.75) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.02) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) |
| 23–31 weeks | −3.68 (−8.74, 1.38) | 0.56 (−4.61, 5.74) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.00) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.13) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.05) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.08) |
| 33–39 weeks | −4.05 (−8.19, 0.10) | 2.83 (−4.46, 10.13) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.10) |
| sOB-R, ng/ml | ||||||
| 10–14 weeks | 0.49 (−8.35, 9.34) | −14.87 (−31.32, 1.57) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) | −0.09 (−0.21, 0.03) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.24) | −0.34 (−0.48, −0.19) |
| 15–26 weeks | 1.78 (−5.74, 9.03) | −4.87 (−22.97, 13.23) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.07 (0.00, 0.14) | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.01) |
| 23–31 weeks | −0.18 (−8.27, 7.90) | −5.47 (−25.12, 14.18) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.11) | −0.36 (−0.57, −0.16) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | −0.25 (−0.53, 0.03) |
| 33–39 weeks | 3.33 (−3.00, 9.67) | −5.50 (−20.67, 9.67) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) | −0.27 (−0.36, −0.18) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.19) | −0.09 (−0.36, 0.18) |
| Free leptin Index | ||||||
| 10–14 weeks | −32.77 (−133.10, 67.55) | 63.13 (−8.32, 134.58) | −0.34 (−0.88, 0.20) | 0.52 (0.18, 0.85) | −1.56 (−2.54, −0.58) | 1.26 (0.77, 1.75) |
| 15–26 weeks | −87.54 (−178.47, 3.38) | 60.26 (−49.94, 170.47) | −0.56 (−1.12, −0.01) | 0.10 (−0.51, 0.71) | −1.62 (−2.67, −0.57) | 1.13 (0.30, 1.97) |
| 23–31 weeks | −73.69 (−184.50, 37.12) | 7.49 (−52.04, 67.02) | −0.68 (−1.20, −0.15) | 0.89 (0.47, 1.31) | −1.28 (−2.61, 0.05) | 0.45 (−0.37, 1.27) |
| 33–39 weeks | −111.89 (−179.83, −43.95) | 21.61 (−7.80, 51.01) | −0.55 (−0.83, −0.28) | 0.49 (0.34, 0.65) | −1.05 (−1.68, −0.42) | 0.60 (−0.38, 1.57) |
| HMW-adiponectin, μg/ml | ||||||
| 10–14 weeks | 7.94 (−27.57, 43.44) | −52.38 (−127.59, 22.83) | 0.03 (−0.14, 0.19) | −0.46 (−0.94, 0.03) | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.31) | −0.36 (−1.47, 0.75) |
| 15–26 weeks | −0.49 (−36.34, 35.35) | 28.72 (−65.59, 123.03) | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.18) | −0.16 (−0.78, 0.46) | −0.01 (−0.27, 0.26) | 0.11 (−0.89, 1.10) |
| 23–31 weeks | −60.88 (−98.04, −23.72) | 37.11 (−57.12, 131.34) | −0.25 (−0.51, 0.01) | −0.92 (−1.92, 0.07) | 0.06 (−0.51, 0.64) | −0.83 (−2.01, 0.36) |
| 33–39 weeks | −49.15 (−79.40, −18.90) | −125.76 (−211.70, −39.81) | −0.19 (−0.42, 0.03) | −1.29 (−1.74, −0.85) | 0.14 (−0.40, 0.68) | −1.46 (−2.23, −0.68) |
| Total Adiponectin, μg/ml | ||||||
| 10–14 weeks | 5.45 (−20.57, 31.47) | −42.24 (−93.91, 9.44) | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.15) | −0.24 (−0.56, 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) | −0.22 (−0.84, 0.40) |
| 15–26 weeks | 7.07 (−18.07, 32.22) | 25.17 (−32.69, 83.03) | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) | −0.06 (−0.47, 0.36) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.16) | 0.23 (−0.31, 0.77) |
| 23–31 weeks | −45.71 (−72.69, −18.73) | 17.48 (−49.05, 84.01) | −0.19 (−0.38, 0.00) | −0.15 (−0.66, 0.37) | −0.03 (−0.44, 0.38) | −0.67 (−1.46, 0.11) |
| 33–39 weeks | −36.21 (−61.17, −11.24) | −106.52 (−168.81, −44.22) | −0.13 (−0.31, 0.04) | −0.89 (−1.26, −0.52) | 0.03 (−0.39, 0.46) | −1.07 (−1.58, −0.56) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HMW, high molecular weight; sOB-R, soluble leptin receptor.
Adjusted for maternal age (continuous), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian) education (high school or less, some college/associate degree, 4-year college degree or higher), nulliparity (yes/no), pre-pregnancy body mass index (continuous), gestational weight gain up to the respective visit (continuous), gestational week at blood collection (continuous), and postnatal days at neonatal assessment (continuous; length and skinfolds model only).
Free leptin index calculated as Leptin (ng/ml)/sOB-R (ng/ml).