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. 2019 May 15;13:192. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00192

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Ringer localizes to the presynaptic terminals and is required for synaptic growth. (A–C″) Confocal images showing Ringer localization (red) in wild type (A′,A″), ringer–/– (B′,B″) and elav-Gal4;UAS-ringer (C′,C″) with respect to the neuronal Hrp (green, A,A″,B,B″,C,C″) at the presynaptic terminals. (D–D″) Ringer expression (D′,D″) with respect to Tub (green, D,D″) and Hrp (blue, D″) at the wild type NMJ. Dlg localization in wild type (E) and ringer–/– (F) NMJ. Apposition of AZs labeled with Brp (green, G,H), GluRIIA (red, G,H) and Hrp (blue, G,H) in wild type (G) and ringer–/– (H). Synaptic arbor labeled with Dlg (green, I–K) and HRP (red, I–K) in wild type (I), ringer–/– (J) and presynaptic rescue in elav-Gal4;UAS-ringer;ringer–/– (K). (L,M) Quantification of Brp puncta/bouton area (μM2) in wild type and ringer–/– (L) and total Type 1 boutons in specified genotypes (L). n = 15 animals per genotype, Error bars represent mean ± SEM [∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, not significant (ns)] (ANOVA). Scale bars: (A–D″) = 5 μM; (E–H) = 5 μM; (I–K) = 10 μM.