Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| Early intervention group | Later intervention group | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 63 | 64 | |
| Age, year | 53.9 (6.1) | 53.2 (6.8) | 0.52 |
| Men, n (%) | 44 (69.8) | 44 (68.8) | 0.89 |
| Supplementation of vitamin B6, B12 and folate, n (%) | 4 (6.4) | 4 (6.3) | 1.00 |
| Habitual physical activity, n (%) | 41 (65.1) | 36 (56.3) | 0.31 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 10 (15.9) | 13 (20.3) | 0.52 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 61 (96.8) | 50 (78.1) | <0.01 |
| High blood pressure, n (%) | 48 (76.2) | 52 (81.3) | 0.49 |
| High blood glucose, n (%) | 25 (39.7) | 15 (23.4) | 0.05 |
| Dislipidemia, n (%) | 46 (73.0) | 44 (68.8) | 0.60 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 48 (76.2) | 39 (60.9) | 0.06 |
| FMD, % | 5.2 (2.5) | 5.7 (2.5) | 0.25 |
| Plasma homocysteine, µmol/L | 9.8 (3.9) | 9.1 (4.0) | 0.36 |
| Serum vitamin B6 (pyridoxal), nmol/L | 58.5 (96.1) | 59.5 (75.8) | 0.95 |
| Serum vitamin B12, pmol/L | 254.1 (146.1) | 277.1 (127.2) | 0.35 |
| Serum folate, nmol/L | 15.00 (7.18) | 14.57 (6.61) | 0.72 |
| Serum vitamin C, µmol/L | 37.11 (16.26) | 35.16 (13.55) | 0.46 |
| Total energy intake, kcal | 1,935 (560) | 1,940 (595) | 0.96 |
| Vitamin B6 intake, mg/1,000 kcal | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.80 |
| Vitamin B12 intake, µg/1,000 kcal | 4.5 (2.3) | 4.7 (2.4) | 0.70 |
| Folate intake, mg/1,000 kcal | 166.5 (52.6) | 171.1 (63.7) | 0.66 |
| Vitamin C intake, mg/1,000 kcal | 54.5 (23.8) | 56.3 (30.9) | 0.72 |
SD or percentage in parentheses. *Student’s t test or chi square test.