Table 3.

The mean (SD) at each examination and changes of FMD, plasma homocysteine and serum vitamins concentration of early and later intervention groups

	Early intervention group				Later intervention group				Changes
	Baseline	After intervention (2 months)	After control (4 months)		Baseline	After control (2 months)	After intervention (4 months)		Intervention period	Control period	p value*
FMD, %	5.2 (2.5)	4.8 (2.7)	5.2 (3.3)		5.7 (2.5)	5.0 (2.3)	5.6 (2.6)		0.10	−0.16	0.48
Waist circumference, cm	95.7 (6.4)	94.0 (6.9)	94.6 (7.3)		93.6 (6.9)	91.5 (6.8)	92.8 (7.0)		−0.32	−0.66	0.50
HDL–cholesterol, mmol/L	1.20 (0.25)	1.14 (0.23)	1.20 (0.21)		1.22 (0.25)	1.17 (0.26)	1.22 (0.25)		0.00	0.00	0.71
Triglycerides, mmol/L	2.45 (1.19)	2.78 (1.63)	2.56 (1.35)		2.57 (1.84)	2.37 (1.24)	2.66 (1.93)		0.31	−0.21	0.03
Serum glucose, mmol/L	6.30 (1.64)	6.25 (2.48)	6.26 (1.67)		5.70 (1.00)	5.64 (0.67)	5.67 (0.89)		−0.02	−0.02	0.97
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	138.4 (16.0)	136.2 (16.8)	135.5 (15.0)		137.0 (15.9)	134.3 (16.4)	137.2 (16.0)		0.29	−1.69	0.27
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	88.0 (9.7)	84.1 (12.0)	84.5 (11.0)		87.3 (11.0)	83.0 (10.4)	86.1 (11.2)		−0.41	−1.99	0.18
Plasma homocysteine, µmol/L	9.8 (3.9)	8.2 (1.9)	9.5 (4.6)		9.1 (4.0)	10.8 (8.0)	7.4 (1.9)		−2.50	1.51	<0.001
Serum vitamin B6 (pyridoxal), nmol/L	58.5 (96.1)	144.9 (90.6)	49.2 (71.6)		59.5 (75.8)	61.4 (68.4)	152.7 (76.4)		88.8	−46.9	<0.001
Serum vitamin B12, pmol/L	254.1 (146.1)	314.2 (156.7)	269.2 (107.8)		277.1 (127.2)	270.4 (112.0)	352.7 (177.9)		71.2	−25.8	<0.001
Serum folate, nmol/L	15.00 (7.18)	25.73 (7.79)	17.04 (6.21)		14.57 (6.61)	14.66 (7.65)	24.88 (8.11)		10.47	−4.30	<0.001
Serum vitamin C, µmol/L	37.11 (16.26)	54.63 (18.19)	36.57 (12.48)		35.16 (13.55)	39.21 (11.47)	51.00 (12.89)		14.65	−7.00	<0.001

SD in parentheses. *Intervention effect.