Fig. 3.

TLR4 knockout prevents glucose intolerance induced by high-glucose. TLR4 knockout mice (n = 8) were administrated with 20 g/kg glucose or saline 0.9% solution. At 1 week, the AUG of glucose tolerance (A), fasting insulin (B) and HOMA-IR (C) were analyzed. To understand the mechanism, blood was collected at 30 and 180 min following high-glucose administration for measuring plasma GLP-1 (D), and at the 4 h time point following high-glucose load for measuring blood glucose (E), plasma levels of interleukin-6 (F) and tumor necrosis factor-α (G). Differences between the treatment group and the control group are presented in the figures (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). Values are mean ± SEM.