Table 1.
Sedation and pain variables in the total sample and broken by gender and previous EGD experience.
| Total sample | Men | Women | First-timers | Experienced | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables (range) |
N = 62 |
N = 31 |
N = 31 |
N = 27 |
N = 35 |
|||||||||
| M | DS | M | DS | M | DS | t (61) | p | M | DS | M | DS | t (61) | p | |
| Ramsey sedation score (1–5) | 2.84 | (0.75) | 2.77 | (0.76) | 2.90 | (0.75) | 0.67 | 2.93 | (0.68) | 2.77 | (0.81) | 0.80 | ||
| Midazolam (mg/l) | 2.97 | (1.16) | 2.84 | (1.13) | 3.10 | (1.19) | 0.88 | 3.41 | (0.97) | 2.63 | (1.19) | 2.76 | ∗∗ | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.28 | (3.90) | 24.61 | (3.37) | 23.95 | (4.40) | 0.67 | 24.67 | (3.90) | 23.98 | (3.93) | 0.69 | ||
| PAINAD total (0–13) | 1.68 | (2.06) | 1.48 | (2.26) | 1.87 | (1.86) | 0.74 | 1.89 | (2.03) | 1.51 | (2.11) | 0.71 | ||
| Breathing (0–2) | 0.13 | (0.34) | 0.12 | (0.34) | 0.13 | (0.33) | 0.00 | 0.15 | (0.36) | 0.11 | (0.32) | 0.39 | ||
| Negative vocalizations (0–2) | 0.34 | (0.51) | 0.32 | (0.54) | 0.35 | (0.49) | 0.25 | 0.41 | (0.50) | 0.29 | (0.52) | 0.93 | ||
| Facial expression (0–2) | 0.44 | (0.53) | 0.35 | (0.55) | 0.52 | (0.51) | 1.20 | 0.37 | (0.49) | 0.49 | (0.56) | 0.84 | ||
| Body language (0–2) | 0.44 | (0.53) | 0.39 | (0.56) | 0.48 | (0.51) | 0.71 | 0.52 | (0.51) | 0.37 | (0.55) | 1.08 | ||
| Consolability (0–2) | 0.34 | (0.51) | 0.29 | (0.53) | 0.39 | (0.50) | 0.74 | 0.44 | (0.51) | 0.26 | (0.51) | 1.45 | ||
| Self-report pain total (z-score) | 0.00 | (1.00) | –0.31 | (0.91) | 0.31 | (1.00) | 2.59 | ∗ | 0.14 | (0.95) | –0.11 | (1.04) | 0.98 | |
| Verbal scale (0–5) | 4.09 | (3.99) | 2.91 | (3.03) | 5.26 | (4.52) | 2.41 | ∗ | 4.30 | (4.40) | 3.92 | (3.71) | 0.37 | |
| Visual analog scale (0–100) | 1.61 | (1.38) | 1.26 | (1.29) | 1.97 | (1.40) | 2.07 | ∗ | 1.85 | (1.32) | 1.43 | (1.42) | 1.20 | |
| Face scale (0–5) | 2.21 | (1.16) | 1.81 | (0.95) | 2.61 | (1.23) | 2.89 | ∗∗ | 2.59 | (1.15) | 1.91 | (1.09) | 2.36 | ∗ |
| Numeric scale (0–10) | 2.48 | (2.60) | 2.03 | (2.66) | 2.94 | (2.49) | 1.38 | 2.33 | (2.29) | 2.60 | (2.84) | 0.40 | ||
| Pain catastrophizing (0–36) | 8.20 | (9.03) | 4.93 | (6.33) | 11.35 | (10.17) | 2.95 | ∗∗ | 10.67 | (9.60) | 6.24 | (8.17) | 1.95 | † |
| Pain helplessness (0–13) | 0.48 | (0.66) | 0.22 | (0.48) | 0.73 | (0.72) | 3.22 | ∗∗ | 0.63 | (0.71) | 0.35 | (0.61) | 1.64 | |
| Pain rumination (0–17) | 0.87 | (0.93) | 0.51 | (0.66) | 1.21 | (1.03) | 3.11 | ∗∗ | 1.13 | (1.00) | 0.66 | (0.83) | 1.99 | † |
| Pain magnification (0–8) | 0.51 | (0.82) | 0.53 | (0.69) | 0.48 | (0.94) | 0.23 | 0.63 | (0.98) | 0.41 | (0.67) | 1.03 | ||
∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗p < 0.05; †p < 0.05 (one-tailed test).