Table 1.

Summary of LH and SEFL-induced change.

Phenotype	Present in LH?	Present in SEFL?	References
Future enhanced fear learning	Yes	Yes	(Rau et al., 2005; Baratta et al., 2007; Rau and Fanselow, 2009)
Anxiety; Elevated plus maze	Yes	Yes	(Steenbergen et al., 1989; Poulos et al., 2014)
Anxiety; Open field	Yes	Yes	(Fleshner and Greenwood, 2013; Perusini et al., 2016)
Anxiety; Exaggerated startle	Yes	Yes	(Servatius et al., 1995; Perusini et al., 2016)
Anxiety; Social interaction	Yes	Not reported	(Short and Maier, 1993)
Depression; Shuttle escape deficit	Yes	No	(Seligman and Maier, 1967; Minor et al., 1994a)
Depression; Forced swim	Yes	Maybe	(Weiss et al., 1981; Perusini et al., 2016; Tribble and Fanselow, 2019)
Depression; Sucrose preference	Yes	Not reported	(Dess, 1992; Christianson et al., 2008)
Anorexia	Yes	Not reported	(Weiss, 1968; Dess et al., 1989)
Reinstatement of drug seeking	Yes	Yes	(Figueroa-Guzman et al., 2011; Meyer et al., 2013)
NEUROBIOLOGY
Amygdala	Yes	Yes	(Maier et al., 1993; Perusini et al., 2016)
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex	Yes	Yes	(Maier and Seligman, 2016; Pennington et al., 2017)
Dorsal raphe nuclei	Yes	Not reported	(Maier and Seligman, 2016)
Nucleus accumbens	Yes	Not reported	(Plumb et al., 2013)
Dorsal striatum	Yes	Not reported	(Strong et al., 2011)
BNST	Yes	Not reported	(Hammack et al., 2004, 2012)
Habenula	Yes	Not reported	(Dolzani et al., 2016)
Corticosterone	Yes	Yes	(Hanff et al., 2010; Poulos et al., 2014; Perusini et al., 2016)
Serotonin	Yes	Not reported	(Maier and Seligman, 2016)
Norepinephrine	Yes	Not reported	(Minor et al., 1988; Grahn et al., 2002)
Interleukin-1	Yes	Yes	(Goshen and Yirmiya, 2009; Jones et al., 2015)
Glucose	Yes	Not reported	(Minor and Saade, 1997; Conoscenti et al., 2017)
Adenosine	Yes	Not reported	(Minor et al., 1994a,b; Plumb et al., 2013)

This table displays a summary of the behavioral, neural, and pharmacological effects of LH and SEFL stressors.