Table 5.

Cardiac Biomarkers to Detect Cardiac Toxicity

Cardiac biomarkers	Typical mechanisms of release	Anti-cancer drugs
Troponins (troponin I and T)	Ischemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress	Anthracyclines; anthracycline-adjuvant trastuzumab
Natriuretic peptides (BNP pro-BNP)	Increase in myocardial wall stress and LV filling pressure	Anthracyclines; various high-dose chemotherapy protocols
Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)	Ischemia and necrosis	Anthracyclines
Glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB)
Circulating microRNAs (miR-146a)	Altered homeostasis	Anthracyclines (preclinical studies)