Figure 3.

Operant assessment of aggression self-administration, aggression suppression, and relapse to aggression seeking. A, Upward trajectory of reward and attack trials over 9 d of self-administration training on an FR-1 reinforcement schedule. B, Voluntary food-choice suppression during 10 d of mutually exclusive choice sessions for food or aggression. C, Decrease of reward and attack trials over 10 d of punishment-imposed suppression of aggression. Mice received response-contingent shocks on 50% of reinforced lever presses. D, Aggression-seeking (relapse) test after forced abstinence in the homecage. During the relapse test, lever presses were recorded after mice were returned to the self-administration chamber and reexposed to the contextual cues associated with aggression self-administration. E, Aggression-seeking test after food choice-imposed suppression of aggression self-administration. F, Aggression seeking test after punishment-imposed suppression of aggression self-administration. Data are from Golden et al. (2017a). *p < 0.05.