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. 2019 May 22;20:237. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2601-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Representative intraoperative image. After exposing the femoral shaft, two pairs of tip-threaded 1.4-mm-diameter K-wires were placed in the proximal and distal femur. A bone defect of 1 mm was created between the proximal and distal pins by an oscillating saw, and a custom-made external fixator was attached to connect the pairs of pins