Table 1.
Distribution of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in crab-eating macaques in Hainan, China by fecal consistency, sex and age
| Specimen | Sample size | Giardia duodenalis a | Enterocytozoon bieneusi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. positive (%) | Genotype (n) | No. positive (%) | Genotype (n) | ||
| Loose stoolsb | 365 | 150 (41.1) | B (150) | 151 (41.4) | Type IV (74) |
| CM1 (40) | |||||
| Pongo2 (12) | |||||
| Peru8 (11) | |||||
| CM2 (8) | |||||
| Peru11 (4) | |||||
| PigEbITS7 (1) | |||||
| D (1) | |||||
| Normal stools | 1087 | 319 (29.3) | B (319) | 310 (28.5) | Type IV (162) |
| CM1 (79) | |||||
| Peru8 (31) | |||||
| Pongo2 (15) | |||||
| CM2 (9) | |||||
| Peru11 (8) | |||||
| CM3 (3) | |||||
| D (3) | |||||
| Malec | 706 | 236 (33.4) | B (236) | 258 (36.5) | Type IV (134) |
| CM1 (56) | |||||
| Peru8 (23) | |||||
| Pongo2 (18) | |||||
| CM2 (11) | |||||
| Peru11 (10) | |||||
| D (3) | |||||
| CM3 (2) | |||||
| PigEbITS7 (1) | |||||
| Female | 599 | 181 (30.2) | B (181) | 160 (26.7) | Type IV (78) |
| CM1 (53) | |||||
| Peru8 (14) | |||||
| Pongo2 (9) | |||||
| CM2 (5) | |||||
| D (1) | |||||
| Unknown | 147 | 52 (35.4) | B (52) | 43 (29.3) | Type IV (24) |
| CM1 (10) | |||||
| Peru8 (5) | |||||
| Peru11 (2) | |||||
| CM2 (1) | |||||
| CM3 (1) | |||||
| 1–3 years-oldd | 1102 | 403 (36.6) | B (403) | 326 (29.6) | Type IV (160) |
| CM1 (95) | |||||
| Peru8 (25) | |||||
| Pongo2 (17) | |||||
| CM2 (14) | |||||
| Peru11 (7) | |||||
| D (4) | |||||
| CM3 (3) | |||||
| PigEbITS7 (1) | |||||
| > 3 years-old | 350 | 66 (18.9) | B (66) | 135 (38.6) | Type IV (76) |
| CM1 (24) | |||||
| Peru8 (17) | |||||
| Pongo2 (10) | |||||
| Peru11 (5) | |||||
| CM2 (3) | |||||
| Total | 1452 | 469 (32.3) | B (469) | 461 (31.7) | Type IV (236) |
| CM1 (119) | |||||
| Peru8 (42) | |||||
| Pongo2 (27) | |||||
| CM2 (17) | |||||
| Peru11 (12) | |||||
| D (4) | |||||
| CM3 (3) | |||||
| PigEbITS7 (1) | |||||
aGiardia duodenalis detection rates were based on PCR analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes
bDetection rates of G. duodenalis (χ2 = 17.25, P < 0.0001) and E. bieneusi (χ2 = 20.83, P < 0.0001) are significantly higher in animals with loose stools than in those with normal stools
cThe detection rate of E. bieneusi is significant higher in males than in females (χ2 = 14.391, P = 0.0001)
dThe detection rate of G. duodenalis is significantly higher in 1–3 year-old animals than in older animals (χ2 = 38.11, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the detection rate of E. bieneusi is significantly lower in 1–3 year-old animals than > 3 years (χ2 = 9.90, P = 0.0016)