Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study samples.
| Parameters | Total | Non-DKD group | DKD group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1340 | 744 | 596 | |
| Male/female | 637/703 | 304/440 | 333/263 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 64 (55, 72) | 64 (56, 72) | 64 (54, 73) | 0.4578 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10 (7, 14) | 10 (8, 14) | 9 (3, 14) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (21.9, 26.7) | 23.7 (21.6, 26.2) | 24.9 (22.3, 27.2) | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135 (120, 150) | 130 (120, 150) | 140 (130, 150) | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (75, 90) | 80 (70, 85) | 80 (80, 90) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.7 (7.3, 10.3) | 8.3 (7.1, 10.0) | 9.1 (7.5, 10.9) | <0.0001 |
| AER (mg/24 h) | 21.0 (8.4, 77.2) | 9.2 (6.4, 14.5) | 89.3 (46.3, 288.8) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 116.5 (94.4, 140.7) | 120.7 (102.8, 141.8) | 108.9 (81.2, 136.3) | <0.0001 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 309 (250, 371) | 293 (241, 351) | 330 (271, 397) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 68 (56, 83) | 64 (54, 75) | 74 (59, 96) | <0.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.8 (4.9, 7.1) | 5.7 (4.8, 6.8) | 6.1 (4.9, 7.8) | <0.0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.4) | 4.6 (4.0, 5.2) | 4.7 (4.1, 5.5) | 0.0003 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.3) | <0.0001 |
Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or mean ± SD. P value refers to the comparison of parameters between the DKD group and the non-DKD group. P values < 0.05 are shown in bold. DKD: diabetic kidney disease; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; AER: 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: total triglycerides.