Table 3.
Overall management of CSE and differences in outcomes between PHB and PHY groups.
| Total episodes (n = 144) | PHB protocol (n = 72) | PHY protocol (n = 72) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RESPONSE TO TREATMENT (RESPONDED/TOTAL) | ||||
| First-line: benzodiazepines | 75/144 (52.1%) | 36/72 (50.0%) | 39/72 (54.2%) | 0.74 |
| Second-line: PHB or PHY | 50/69 (72.5%) | 31/36 (86.1%) | 15/33 (45.5%) | 0.0003 |
| Third-line: repeated PHB or MDZ | 18/19 (94.7%) | 4/5(66.7%) | 18/18 (100%) | 0.002 |
| Fourth-line: PICU | 1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | - | >0.99 |
| TREATMENT TIMES (MINUTES) | ||||
| Onset to admission | 40.0 (25.0–65.0) | 35.0 (25.0–60.0) | 40.0 (22.8–65.0) | 0.99 |
| Admission to treatment | 5.0 (5.0–10.0) | 5.0 (5.0–10.0) | 5.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.61 |
| Onset to first-line treatment | 50.0 (33.8–70.5) | 50.0 (34.0–72.0) | 50.0 (32.0–70.0) | 0.83 |
| Total CSE duration | 73.0 (48.0–109.0) | 64.0 (45.0–103.5) | 83.0 (53.0–115.0) | 0.04 |
| First-line treatment to arrest | 16.5 (5.0–45.0) | 5.0 (3.0–12.0) | 9.0 (3.0–14.0) | 0.29 |
| Second-line treatment to arrest | 28.0 (13.3–41.5) | 10 (10.0–21.8) | 28.0 (24.5–33.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Third-line treatment to arrest | 13.0 (8.0–25.0) | 13.0 (13.0–28.0) | 12.0 (6.5–22.0) | 0.39 |
| PICU | ||||
| Required admission | 29 (20.1%) | 9 (12.5%) | 20 (27.8%) | 0.04 |
| REASONS FOR PICU ADMISSION | ||||
| Inotropic support needed | 2 (6.9%) | – | 2 (10.0%) | >0.99 |
| Respiratory depression | 19 (65.5%) | 5 (55.6%) | 14 (70.0%) | 0.68 |
| Prolonged LOC | 7 (24.1%) | 3 (33.3%) | 4 (20.0%) | 0.64 |
| Seizure control | 1 (3.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | – | 0.31 |
| Breakthrough seizures | 18 (12.5%) | 8 (11.1%) | 10 (13.9%) | 0.8 |
LOC, prolonged loss of consciousness; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.