| TGF-β/TFGb |
Transforming growth factor beta |
Multifunctional cytokine known for its role in regulating inflammatory processes and involved in proliferation, activation, and chemotaxis of many immune cells |
| CTLA-4 |
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 |
Protein receptor involved in downregulation of immune responses, expressed on T cells |
| GAPDH |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
Protein coding gene, known as “housekeeping” gene |
| IFN-γ
|
Interferon gamma |
Important regulating cytokine in inflammatory processes, with immunostimulatory and immunomodulating effects |
| CXCR4 |
Chemokine receptor type 4 |
Receptor for stromal derived factor 1 (chemotactic for lymphocytes and important for hematopoietic homing of stem cells) |
| FGF2 |
Fibroblast growth factor 2 |
Fibrosis-related factor with mitogenic effects on fibroblasts. |
| PDGF |
Platelet derived growth factor |
Fibrosis related factor with mitogenic effects on fibroblasts |
| EGF |
Epidermal growth factor |
Promotor of TGF-β-related fibrosis |
| BMP4 |
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 |
Proinflammatory gene with profibrotic potential |
| CTGF |
Connective tissue growth factor |
Profibrotic cytokine |
