Table 5.
Logistic regression of association between alcohol marketing and higher risk consumption among current drinkers
| Higher risk consumption among current drinkers | |||||
| n | AOR* | 95% CI lower |
95% CI upper |
P value | |
| Age | 1592 | 1.40 | 1.28 | 1.53 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 824 | Ref | |||
| Male | 768 | 1.32 | 1.04 | 1.68 | <0.05 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Other | 228 | Ref | |||
| White British | 1364 | 0.97 | 0.69 | 1.37 | n.s. |
| IMD quintile | n.s. | ||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 232 | Ref | |||
| 2 vs 1 | 334 | 1.65 | 1.08 | 2.52 | <0.05 |
| 3 vs 1,2 | 324 | 1.26 | 0.90 | 1.76 | n.s. |
| 4 vs 1,2,3 | 340 | 1.21 | 0.90 | 1.64 | n.s. |
| 5 (most affluent) vs 1,2,3,4 | 362 | 1.23 | 0.93 | 1.64 | n.s. |
| Country | n.s. | ||||
| England | 1243 | Ref | |||
| Scotland | 197 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 1.28 | n.s. |
| Wales | 116 | 0.58 | 0.36 | 0.93 | <0.05 |
| Northern Ireland | 36 | 1.35 | 0.60 | 3.01 | n.s. |
| Educational status | |||||
| Not in education | 146 | Ref | |||
| In education | 1446 | 1.61 | 1.01 | 2.55 | <0.05 |
| Working status | |||||
| Not working | 1374 | Ref | |||
| Working (full-time or part-time) | 218 | 1.43 | 0.97 | 2.09 | n.s. |
| Living status | |||||
| Living with parents/adult family | 1307 | Ref | |||
| Living independently | 268 | 1.56 | 1.09 | 2.23 | <0.05 |
| Not stated | 17 | 1.58 | 0.54 | 4.60 | n.s. |
| Frequency of mother drinking | <0.05 | ||||
| Never | 115 | Ref | |||
| Less than monthly versus never | 284 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.79 | <0.01 |
| Monthly or fortnightly versus less often | 279 | 1.22 | 0.83 | 1.79 | n.s. |
| At least weekly versus less often | 849 | .93 | .70 | 1.24 | n.s. |
| Not stated versus all other categories | 65 | 1.50 | .78 | 2.88 | n.s. |
| Frequency of father drinking | n.s. | ||||
| Never | 76 | Ref | |||
| Less than monthly versus never | 160 | 1.40 | 0.72 | 2.73 | n.s. |
| Monthly or fortnightly versus less often | 201 | 0.73 | 0.46 | 1.19 | n.s. |
| At least weekly versus less often | 964 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.15 | n.s. |
| Not stated versus all other categories | 191 | 1.14 | 0.75 | 1.72 | n.s. |
| Frequency of close friends drinking | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 72 | Ref | |||
| Less than monthly versus never | 187 | 0.68 | 0.32 | 1.42 | n.s. |
| Monthly or fortnightly versus less often | 463 | 2.20 | 1.44 | 3.35 | <0.001 |
| At least weekly versus less often | 667 | 3.41 | 2.48 | 4.70 | <0.001 |
| Not stated versus all other categories | 203 | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.89 | 0.013 |
| Parents’ views | |||||
| Neutral or unacceptable | 473 | Ref | |||
| Drinking acceptable | 1119 | 0.92 | 0.68 | 1.24 | n.s. |
| Peer views | |||||
| Neutral or unacceptable | 156 | Ref | |||
| Drinking acceptable | 1436 | 1.41 | 0.88 | 2.25 | n.s. |
| Age of first drink | <0.001 | ||||
| Age 13 years or under | 472 | Ref | |||
| Age 14–15 years (vs 13 years or under) | 535 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 1.18 | n.s. |
| Age 16 years or over (vs younger) | 412 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.35 | <0.001 |
| Not stated | 173 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 1.35 | n.s. |
| Alcohol marketing awareness | <0.001 | ||||
| Low awareness | 184 | Ref | |||
| Medium versus low | 274 | 2.18 | 1.39 | 3.42 | <0.001 |
| High versus medium and low | 326 | 1.43 | 1.01 | 2.02 | <0.05 |
| Not stated versus all other categories | 808 | 0.85 | 0.67 | 1.08 | n.s. |
| Own alcohol branded merchandise | |||||
| No or not sure | 1138 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 454 | 1.71 | 1.31 | 2.22 | <0.001 |
Based on current drinkers (n=1592); data are unweighted.
Test of model coefficients in final block: χ² (35)=477.29, p<0.001.
Hosmer-Lemeshow test for final block χ² (8)=11.66, p=0.17.
Nagelkerke’s R² for final block=0.35.
Cases correctly classified in final block: 72% in final block.
*Adjusted for all other variables in the model.
AOR, adjusted OR; Ref, reference category.
DV, higher-risk drinking on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) (>5), 1=higher risk (n=699) and 0=lower risk (n=893).