Table 1.
Characteristics of participants and the differences in associated factors reported by those with/without either or both physical violence and verbal abuse (N=1017)
| Characteristics | All participants (N=1017) |
No experience (N=638) |
Physical violence only (N=68) |
Verbal abuse only (N=211) |
Both physical and verbal (N=100) |
P value (χ2; df; Phi) |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Gender | N=1008 | N=634 | N=68 | N=206 | N=100 | |
| Male | 298 (29.6) | 191 (30.1) | 16 (23.5) | 63 (30.6) | 28 (28.0) | 0.68 (1.51; 3; 0.04) |
| Female | 710 (70.4) | 443 (69.9) | 52 (76.5) | 143 (69.4) | 72 (72.0) | |
| Programme of study | N=1017 | N=638 | N=68 | N=211 | N=100 | |
| Higher diploma | 420 (41.3) | 273 (42.8) | 27 (39.7) | 79 (37.4) | 41 (41.0) | 0.59 (1.96; 3; 0.04) |
| Bachelor | 597 (58.72) | 365 (57.2) | 41 (60.3) | 132 (62.6) | 59 (59.0) | |
| Year of study | N=1017 | N=638 | N=68 | N=211 | N=100 | |
| Year 1 | 226 (22.2) | 201 (31.5) | 4 (5.9) | 17 (8.1) | 4 (4.0) | <0.001 (231.31; 9; 0.48) |
| Year 2 | 236 (23.2) | 172 (27.0) | 11 (16.2) | 47 (22.3) | 6 (6.0) | |
| Year 3 | 229 (22.5) | 152 (23.8) | 8 (11.8) | 56 (26.5) | 13 (13.0) | |
| Year 4 | 326 (32.1) | 113 (17.7) | 45 (66.2) | 91 (43.1) | 77 (77.0) | |
| Perceived susceptibility to violence | N=1009 | N=631 | N=68 | N=210 | N=100 | |
| Not at all/a little bit | 564 (55.9) | 404 (64.0) | 34 (50.0) | 93 (44.3) | 33 (33.0) | <0.001 (60.59; 6; 0.25) |
| Moderately | 253 (25.1) | 142 (22.5) | 21 (30.9) | 59 (28.1) | 31 (31.0) | |
| Quite a bit/extremely | 192 (19.0) | 85 (13.5) | 13 (19.1) | 58 (27.6) | 36 (36.0) | |
| Concern about violence | N=1015 | N=637 | N=68 | N=210 | N=100 | |
| Not at all/a little bit | 461 (45.4) | 317 (49.8) | 28 (41.2) | 82 (39.0) | 34 (34.0) | <0.002 (20.44; 6; 0.14) |
| Moderately | 311 (30.6) | 189 (29.7) | 26 (38.2) | 63 (30.0) | 33 (33.0) | |
| Quite a bit/extremely | 243 (23.9) | 131 (20.6) | 14 (20.6) | 65 (31.0) | 33 (33.0) | |
| Clinical violence as a part of nursing job | N=1006 | N=631 | N=165 | N=209 | N=100 | |
| Yes | 269 (26.7) | 151 (23.9) | 20 (30.3) | 63 (30.1) | 35 (35.0) | 0.05 (7.70; 3; 0.09) |
| No | 737 (73.3) | 480 (76.1) | 46 (69.7) | 146 (69.9) | 65 (65.0) | |
| Appropriate coping training on violence | N=1014 | N=637 | N=68 | N=209 | N=100 | |
| Not at all/not very well | 756 (74.6) | 486 (76.3) | 47 (69.1) | 149 (71.3) | 74 (74.0) | 0.29 (7.28; 6; 0.09) |
| Satisfactorily | 226 (22.3) | 136 (21.4) | 16 (23.5) | 52 (24.9) | 22 (21.0) | |
| Well/very well | 32 (3.2) | 15 (2.4) | 5 (7.4) | 8 (3.8) | 4 (4.0) | |
| Contributing factors | N=1012 | N=633 | N=68 | N=211 | N=100 | |
| Confused patients | 852 (84.2) | 521 (82.3) | 58 (85.3) | 176 (83.4) | 97 (97.0) | 0.003 (14.17; 3; 0.12) |
| Patients/visitors with alcohol influence | 476 (47.0) | 326 (51.5) | 29 (42.6) | 84 (39.8) | 37 (37.0) | 0.003 (14.06; 3; 0.12) |
| Patients/visitors with drug influence | 475 (46.9) | 329 (52.0) | 28 (41.2) | 78 (37.0) | 40 (40.0) | 0.001 (17.71; 3; 0.13) |
| Shortage of staff | 464 (45.8) | 274 (43.3) | 26 (38.2) | 112 (53.1) | 52 (52.0) | 0.03 (9.23; 3; 0.10) |
| High patient volume | 329 (32.5) | 179 (28.3) | 28 (41.2) | 82 (38.9) | 40 (40.0) | 0.003 (13.81; 3; 0.12) |
| NSs are uncaring | 270 (26.7) | 184 (29.1) | 9 (13.2) | 58 (27.5) | 19 (19.0) | 0.01 (11.21; 3; 0.11) |
| Ward design | 130 (12.8) | 72 (11.4) | 9 (13.2) | 32 (15.2) | 17 (17.0) | 0.29 (3.79; 3; 0.06) |
| Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | One-way ANOVA | |
| Age | N=995 | N=628 | N=65 | N=208 | B=94 | |
| 21.53±1.55 (19–30) | 21.18±1.51 (19–27) | 22.12±1.13 (19–24) | 22.07±1.47 (19–26) | 22.27±1.58(19–30) | P value <0.001 (F3991 31.78) |
0%–0.06% of missing data.
ANOVA, analysis of variance.