Table 2.
Prevalence and perpetrators of clinical violence, and the differences for participants with either physical violence, verbal abuse or both (N=379)
| Characteristics | Physical violence only | Verbal abuse only | Students experienced both physical violence and verbal abuse | ||
| Physical violence | Verbal abuse | Wilcoxon signed-ranks test | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | P value (χ2; df) | |
| Frequency of experience | N=68 | N= 211 | N=100 | N=100 | |
| All the time | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (14.0) | <0.001 (24.02; 1) |
| Sometimes | 29 (42.6) | 130 (61.6) | 64 (64.0) | 73 (73.0) | |
| Once | 39 (57.4) | 80 (37.9) | 36 (36.0) | 13 (13.0) | |
| Physically injured | N=67 | N=99 | |||
| No | 47 (70.1) | NA | 73 (73.7) | NA | |
| Yes | 20 (29.9) | NA | 26 (26.3) | NA | |
| Formal treatment | 3 (15.0) | NA | 3 (11.5) | NA | |
| Typical violence in NSs | N=65 | N=200 | N=93 | N=99 | |
| No | 30 (46.2) | 63 (31.5) | 39 (41.9) | 32 (32.3) | 0.07 (3.24; 1) |
| Yes | 35 (53.8) | 137 (68.5) | 54 (58.1) | 67 (67.7) | |
| Attacked by | N=67 | N=205 | N=99 | N=100 | |
| Patient | 61 (91.0) | 137 (66.8) | 91 (91.9) | 92 (92.0) | 1.00 (0.00; 1) |
| Relative | 0 (0.0) | 27 (13.2) | 1 (1.0) | 22 (22.0) | <0.001 (21.00; 1) |
| University supervisor | 1 (1.5) | 33 (13.4) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (8) | 0.005 (8.00; 1) |
| Hospital clinical instructor | 1 (1.5) | 31 (15.1) | 3 (3.0) | 17 (17.0) | 0.001 (10.89; 1) |
| Ward supervisor/senior manager | 3 (4.5) | 30 (14.6) | 1 (1.0) | 12 (12.0) | 0.002 (9.31; 1) |
| Physician | 1 (1.5) | 8 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0.16 (2.00; 1) |
| Other nursing student | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.32 (1.00; 1) |
| Time of occurrence | N=66 | N=203 | N=99 | N=99 | |
| A shift | 39 (59.1) | 159 (78.3) | 60 (60.6) | 65 (65.7) | 0.09 (2.94; 1) |
| P shift | 20 (30.3) | 38 (18.7) | 25 (25.3) | 27 (27.3) | |
| Night shift | 7 (10.6) | 6 (3.0) | 14 (14.1) | 7 (7.1) | |
| Area of occurrence | N=68 | N=202 | N=99 | N=100 | |
| Medical | 43 (63.2) | 101 (50.0) | 56 (56.6) | 61 (61.0) | 0.40 (0.71; 1) |
| Surgical | 12 (17.6) | 42 (20.8) | 19 (19.2) | 20 (20.0) | |
| Others (rehabilitation, psychiatric, and so on) | 13 (19.2) | 59 (29.2) | 24 (24.2) | 19 (19.0) | |
| Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Mean±SD (range) | Pair t-test, p value (t; df) |
|
| No of times during nursing study | N=68 | N=211 | N=100 | N=100 | |
| 1.69±1.12 (1–6) | 3.00±3.22 (1–20) | 2.84±2.81 (1–20) | 8.92±27.99 (1–200) | 0.03 (–2.16; 99) | |
| No of times during previous 12 months | N=68 | N=210 | N=99 | N=100 | |
| 1.04±1.00 (0–6) | 1.74±2.36 (0–20) | 1.79±1.83 (0–10) | 5.23±14.21 (0–100) | 0.18 (–2.41; 98) |
0%–0.07% of missing data.