Table 1.
Association of sociodemographic factors and hypertension (n=10 215)
| Sociodemographic factor | Hypertension | |||||
| Total n |
Hypertension n (%) |
Unadjusted COR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted AOR (95% CI) |
P value | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Chinese | 4817 | 1519 (31.5) | 1 (Ref.) | 0.001* | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* |
| Malay | 2659 | 879 (33.1) | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.19) | 0.177 | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.34) | 0.007 |
| Indian | 2739 | 780 (28.5) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.96) | 0.006 | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.165 |
| Age | ||||||
| <40 | 3258 | 292 (9.0) | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* |
| 40–49 | 3187 | 798 (25.0) | 3.39 (2.94 to 3.92) | <0.001 | 3.18 (2.73 to 3.71) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 2420 | 1106 (45.7) | 8.55 (7.40 to 9.88) | <0.001 | 7.54 (6.44, to 8.82) | <0.001 |
| ≥60 | 1349 | 982 (72.8) | 27.18 (22.93 to 32.21) | <0.001 | 19.97 (16.47, to 24.23) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 5795 | 1682 (29.0) | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Male | 4419 | 1496 (33.9) | 1.25 (1.15 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.47, to 1.85) | <0.001 |
| Highest education level | ||||||
| Primary or lower | 2763 | 1334 (48.3) | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* |
| Secondary | 4346 | 1271 (29.2) | 0.44 (0.40 to 0.49) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.62, to 0.78) | <0.001 |
| Tertiary or higher | 3100 | 573 (18.5) | 0.24 (0.22 to 0.27) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.50, to 0.69) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Currently married | 7757 | 2555 (32.9) | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Not currently married | 2452 | 623 (25.4) | 0.69 (0.63 to 0.77) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.26) | 0.126 |
| Work status | ||||||
| Working/Studying full time | 6972 | 1766 (25.3) | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* |
| Homemaker | 2264 | 886 (39.1) | 1.90 (1.71 to 2.10) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.56) | <0.001 |
| Retired/Unemployed | 930 | 511 (54.9) | 3.60 (3.13 to 4.14) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.43) | 0.042 |
| Monthly household income (SGD)† | ||||||
| <2000 | 2277 | 800 (35.1) | 1 (Ref.) | <0.001* | 1 (Ref.) | 0.172* |
| 2000–3999 | 2619 | 740 (28.3) | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.82) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 0.343 |
| 4000–5999 | 1664 | 411 (24.7) | 0.61 (0.53 to 0.70) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.22) | 0.691 |
| ≥6000 | 1462 | 349 (23.9) | 0.58 (0.50 to 0.67) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36) | 0.202 |
COR was derived from bivariate logistic regression model.
AOR was derived from multivariable logistic regression model mutually adjusted for all other sociodemographic factors.
Bolded values are two-sided p values <0.05.
*Overall p value.
†Of all participants, 21.5% did not provide information on their average monthly household income. They have been categorised as ‘unknown income’ and included for analysis.
AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR; SGD, Singapore Dollar.