Table 2.
Risk of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, unspecified ALRI and overall ARI from log-linear modelling in infants aged <1 year in Western Australia, England and Scotland
| Exposure | Western Australia | England | Scotland |
| IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Bronchiolitis | |||
| Year* | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07) | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) |
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.68 (0.64 to 0.72) | 0.68 (0.63 to 0.74) | 0.70 (0.64 to 0.77) |
| Deprivation <10% | 3.34 (3.02 to 3.71) | 1.94 (1.73 to 2.19) | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.42) |
| Deprivation 10%–49% | 2.04 (1.75 to 2.37) | 1.48 (1.07 to 2.06) | 1.29 (0.89 to 1.87) |
| Deprivation 50%–89% | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.55) | 1.18 (0.95 to 1.45) | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) |
| Deprivation ≥90% | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-ARI admissions | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) |
| Pneumonia | |||
| Year* | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.96) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99) |
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.82) | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.97) |
| Deprivation 0%–10% | 6.91 (5.59 to 8.56) | 1.47 (1.30 to 1.66) | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.37) |
| Deprivation 10%–49% | 3.26 (2.49 to 4.28) | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.25) | 0.74 (0.39 to 1.43) |
| Deprivation 50%–89% | 1.66 (1.29 to 2.13) | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.07) | 0.80 (0.51 to 1.25) |
| Deprivation >90% | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-ARI admissions | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) |
| Unspecified ALRI | |||
| Year* | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97) | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) |
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.62 (0.54 to 0.71) | 0.65 (0.61 to 068) | 0.73 (0.62 to 0.85) |
| Deprivation <10% | 8.90 (6.69 to 11.83) | 1.81 (1.66 to 1.98) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.12) |
| Deprivation 10%–49% | 4.18 (2.93 to 5.96) | 1.34 (1.06 to 1.70) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.48) |
| Deprivation 50%–89% | 1.96 (1.40 to 2.73) | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.30) | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.26) |
| Deprivation >90% | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-ARI admissions | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) |
| Total ARI | |||
| Year* | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.04) |
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.68 (0.65 to 0.72) | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.73) | 0.71 (0.65 to 0.77) |
| Deprivation 0%–10% | 3.85 (3.50 to 4.21) | 1.87 (1.70 to 2.06) | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.37) |
| Deprivation 10%–49% | 2.22 (1.95 to 2.54) | 1.41 (1.07 to 1.85) | 1.25 (0.88 to 1.77) |
| Deprivation 50%–89% | 1.42 (1.26 to 1.60) | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.36) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.36) |
| Deprivation >90% | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-ARI admissions | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) |
*Year included as a linear term.
ALRI, acute lower respiratory infection; ARI, acute respiratory infection; IRR, incidence rate ratio.