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. 2019 May 15;10:1060. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01060

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Copyright © 2019 Stevick, Sohn, Modak, Nelson, Rowley, Tammi, Smolowitz, Markey Lundgren, Post and Gómez-Chiarri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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NMDS plot visualization of Bray-Curtis beta-diversity (k = 2) at the Order level by (A) sample type, (B) sampling day, and (C) treatment. The ellipse lines show the 95% confidence interval (standard deviation). p-values indicate significance of grouping with adonis2 Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices test. (A) The different types of samples are indicated by colors (Oyster, dashed red; Swab, dashdot green; and Water, dotted blue) and the days are indicated by symbols (Timepoint 1, circle; Timepoint 2, triangle). The water and oyster communities were significantly distinct from each other in both trials. (B) The sampling timepoints are indicated by colors (1, longdash yellow; 5, shortdash red; 8, dashdot purple; 9, solid green; and 12, dotted blue) and the treatment group is indicated by symbols (control, circle; probiotic treatment, triangle). The water community was significantly different between timepoints. (C) The treatment group is indicated by colors (control, light blue dashed; probiotic treatment, dark red dotted) and sampling timepoints are indicated by symbols. No significant differences in community structure in water from control and probiotic-treated tanks was detected when samples from all timepoints were analyzed together.