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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 12.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2018 Mar 23;11(1):101–126. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125705

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Overview of fabrication methods for vertical structures. A) Deposition of material through a resist aperture via electrodeposition (Weidlich et al. 2017). B) Nanoimprinting utilizes a mold-based pressing process(Miyauchi et al. 2016). C) Polymerization via focused gallium ion beam (De Angelis et al. 2013). D) Etching process through particle templating (Rey et al. 2016).