Figure 3.

A) General circuit model of the cell-electrode interface. B) Drug test using nanoelectrodes and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. C) Nanoelectrodes enable measurement of arrhythmia in patient-derived cardiomyocyte culture. (Lin et al. 2017) D) Parallel recordings of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes before (left) and after (right) administration of a Na+ ion channel blocker. E) The ability to record with high spatial resolution across a tissue-scale area allows for conclusions about regional arrhythmia in response to drugs. 54 pixels recorded by the CMOS array labeled