Table 3.

Association between gastrointestinal symptoms and measures of sleep duration and sleep-disordered breathing among 337 elementary schoolchildren from Ypsilanti, Michigan

Sleep measurea	N	Probability of reporting 2 or more GI symptoms	Unadjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)b
Sleep duration
9 hr or more	305	17.7	Reference	Reference
< 9 hr	23	21.7	1.23 (0.54, 2.77)	1.25 (0.55, 2.83)
P value			0.62	0.60
Sleep-disordered breathing
Screened positive for SDB
No	272	14.0	Reference	Reference
Yes (score >0.33)	65	35.4	2.53 (1.63, 3.94)	2.22 (1.39, 3.55)
P value			<0.0001	0.006
SDB subscale, continuous			7.38 (3.21, 17.01)	5.61 (2.16, 14.57)
P value			<0.0001	<0.0001
Snoring
Snoring subscale, continuous			1.89 (0.96, 3.74)	1.74 (0.86, 3.51)
P value			0.07	0.12
Snores >half the time
No	247	17.8	Reference	Reference
Yes	76	18.4	1.03 (0.60, 1.78)	0.99 (0.58, 1.69)
P value			0.90	0.97
Snores loudly
No	275	16.4	Reference	Reference
Yes	50	22.0	1.34 (0.75, 2.42)	1.16 (0.65, 2.07)
P value			0.32	0.61
Sleepiness
Sleepiness subscale, continuous			4.02 (2.20, 7.34)	3.60 (1.85, 7.02)
P value			<0.0001	<0.0001
Daytime sleepiness
No	262	14.5	Reference	Reference
Yes	62	32.3	2.22 (1.40, 3.54)	1.96 (1.18, 3.26)
P value			0.001	0.009
Teacher-rated sleepiness
No	298	15.4	Reference	Reference
Yes	35	40.0	2.59 (1.59, 4.21)	2.17 (1.28, 3.67)
P value			<0.0001	0.004

^aAll sleep measures are based on parent report. Teacher-rated sleepiness refers to whether a parent has been informed by the child’s teacher that the child appears sleepy in class.

^bAdjusted for sex, age, enrollment in school lunch program, medication use and anxiety T scores