Table 4.

Fixed Effects Estimates for Final Text, Person, and Combined Models.

	Final text model			Final person model			Final combined model
	Estimate	SE	t	Estimate	SE	t	Estimate	SE	t
Intercept	145.36	2.25	64.5
Grade 6 poor reader				124.49	2.04	60.8	123.9	2.09	59.2
Grade 6 good reader				127.85	2.16	59.3	129.6	2.20	58.8
Grade 7				10.68	1.56	6.9	10.4	1.61	6.5
Grade 8				29.00	1.39	20.8	28.62	1.43	20.0
Time in months				3.28	0.13	26.1	3.26	0.13	24.3
Lexile difficulty	−5.02	1.61	−3.1	−4.85	1.43	−3.4	−4.01	1.46	−2.7
Expository text type	−15.84	0.36	−44.4	−5.00	0.32	−15.8	−4.18	0.60	−7.0
Word concreteness	5.33	2.31	2.3	6.57	2.05	3.2	6.19	2.09	3.0
Referential cohesion	5.86	3.48	1.7	4.32	3.10	1.4	4.51	3.15	1.4
Narrativity	4.69	2.18	2.2	6.11	1.94	3.2	6.11	1.98	3.1
Syntactic simplicity	−6.89	5.14	−1.3	−5.72	4.57	−1.3	−5.26	4.65	−1.1
Silent reading fluency				0.90	0.05	19.8	0.84	0.04	19.1
Verbal knowledge				−0.46	0.21	−2.2	−0.34	0.21	−1.6
Phonemic decoding				0.69	0.05	15.3	0.73	0.04	16.7
Sight word decoding				0.88	0.06	14.6	0.78	0.06	13.4
Listening comp.				0.48	0.23	2.1	0.35	0.23	1.5
Reader type × Time				0.28	0.14	2.0	0.25	0.15	1.6
Reader type × Lexile							−0.89	0.13	−6.6
Reader type × Expository							−1.67	0.64	−2.6
Reader type × Grade 7				−1.41	2.36	−0.6	−1.21	2.30	−0.5
Reader type × Grade 8				−2.02	2.06	−1.0	−1.63	2.00	−0.8
Grade 7 × Time				0.15	0.18	0.9	0.19	0.20	1.0
Grade 8 × Time				−0.13	0.16	−0.8	−0.10	0.17	−0.6
Grade 7 × Lexile							−0.53	0.20	−2.7
Grade 8 × Lexile							−0.57	0.18	−3.2
Grade 7 × Expository							−0.57	0.85	−0.1
Grade 8 × Expository							−0.19	0.73	−0.3

Note. Terms missing in a column were excluded from that model. Interactions between person characteristics and text characteristics were only included in the combined model. In the person model and combined model, the intercept is replaced with specific intercepts for typical and struggling readers in Grade 6. Reader type is the difference between good and poor readers.