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A–C, ELISA analysis of IL-6 expression in blood after morphine injection through 3 different routes. D–F, ELISA analysis of IFN-α2 cytokines in blood after morphine injection through 3 different routes. G–I, ELISA analysis of IL-10 cytokines in blood after morphine injection through 3 different routes. ∗P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01. ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFN = interferon, IL = interleukin.
