Table 3.
Factors associated with tuberculosis-related death on treatment for tuberculosis: multivariate logistic regression comparing patients who died during TB treatment to control patients who completed treatment
| Factor | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Age* | 1.01 (1.002–1.01) | 1.01 (1.003–1.02) |
| Sex (male vs. female)* | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Meningeal TB* | 12.3 (6.3–23.9) | 13.2 (6.0–29.0) |
| HIV status*,† | ||
| HIV positive† | 8.0 (5.6–11.5) | 6.7 (4.1–10.8) |
| HIV test not offered† | 4.6 (3.2–6.6) | 4.3 (2.6–6.9) |
| HIV test refused† | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) |
| HIV status unknown† | 3.6 (2.7–4.7) | 4.2 (2.9–6.1) |
| Miliary pattern on chest image | 18.9 (6.8–52.7) | 19.4 (5.4–69.8) |
| Initiated intensive phase of treatment as an inpatient | 11.2 (8.9–14.0) | 6.5 (4.9–8.6) |
| Cognitive impairment | 7.3 (5.3–10.0) | 2.8 (1.9–4.2) |
| Diagnosed in long-term care facility | 4.3 (3.0–6.2) | 2.1 (1.3–3.4) |
| Immunosuppressive medications‡ | 3.4 (1.9–6.0) | 2.5 (1.1–5.6) |
| COPD | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) |
| Pyrazinamide was excluded from initial treatment regimen | 2.5 (1.6–3.8) | 3.4 (1.9–6.0) |
| Peritoneal TB | 2.4 (1.3–4.6) | 3.7 (1.6–8.4) |
| Cancer | 2.3 (1.6–3.5) | 3.2 (1.9–5.4) |
| Condition affecting the liver§ | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 1.9 (1.4–2.7) |
| Smear-positive|| | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 2.5 (1.8–3.3) |
| Bilateral disease | 2.2 (1.7–2.8) | 2.2 (1.6–2.9) |
| Competing diagnosis¶ | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) |
| Incomplete evaluation** | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; OR = odds ratio; TB = tuberculosis.
Covariates were included in the model a priori.
Reference category: patients with known negative HIV test results.
Includes prednisone and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.
Patient had cirrhosis or viral hepatitis or reported using excess alcohol.
Sputum sample demonstrated acid-fast bacilli with smear microscopy.
A diagnosis other than TB was made before TB diagnosis.
Patient pulmonary evaluation did not include collection of three consecutive sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy within 4 days of hospitalization, or within 30 days if the patient with pulmonary disease was diagnosed as an outpatient. For patients with extrapulmonary TB only, no imaging or laboratory tests were documented.