Table 4.
Characteristics by PAPM stage of breast cancer screening adoptiona
| Panel A. Categorical Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Pre-Adoptionb (N = 71) | Refusalc (N = 9) | Adoptiond (N = 198) | P valuef |
| ne (%) | ne (%) | ne (%) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 40 – 54 | 27 (38.03%) | 5 (55.56%) | 73 (36.87%) | 0.177 |
| (0.184) | ||||
| 55 – 64 | 21 (29.58%) | 3 (33.33%) | 83 (41.92%) | |
| 65 – 80 | 23 (32.39%) | 1 (11.11%) | 42 (21.21%) | |
| Highest level of education | ||||
| < Bachelor’s degree | 43 (62.32%) | 3 (33.33%) | 82 (42.93%) | 0.015 |
| (0.014) | ||||
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 26 (37.68%) | 6 (66.67%) | 109 (57.07%) | |
| Economic Status | ||||
| Bad | 19 (26.76%) | 2 (25.00%) | 38 (19.59%) | 0.731 |
| (0.712) | ||||
| Moderate | 43 (60.56%) | 5 (62.50%) | 123 (63.40%) | |
| Good | 9 (12.68%) | 1 (12.50%) | 33 (17.01%) | |
| Income | ||||
| < $20,000 | 15 (24.59%) | 1 (11.11%) | 26 (14.13%) | 0.226 |
| (0.191) | ||||
| $20,000 - $39,999 | 10 (16.39%) | 2 (22.22%) | 49 (26.63%) | |
| $40,000 - $59,999 | 21 (34.43%) | 3 (33.33%) | 47 (25.54%) | |
| $60,000 - $79,999 | 7 (11.48%) | 1 (11.11%) | 31 (16.85%) | |
| $80,000 - $99,999 | 2 ( 3.28%) | 2 (22.22%) | 18 ( 9.78%) | |
| ≥ $100,000 | 6 ( 9.84%) | 0 ( 0.00%) | 13 ( 7.07%) | |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 20 (28.57%) | 1 (11.11%) | 36 (18.27%) | 0.145 |
| (0.157) | ||||
| Not married or with partner | 50 (71.43%) | 8 (88.89%) | 161 (81.73%) | |
| English Level | ||||
| Very Bad / Bad | 44 (61.97%) | 6 (66.67%) | 93 (46.97%) | 0.169 |
| (0.149) | ||||
| Moderate | 23 (32.39%) | 2 (22.22%) | 81 (40.91%) | |
| Very Good / Good | 4 ( 5.63%) | 1 (11.11%) | 24 (12.12%) | |
| General Health (self-reported) | ||||
| Very Bad / Bad | 3 ( 4.35%) | 0 ( 0.00%) | 20 (10.20%) | 0.437 |
| (0.507) | ||||
| Moderate | 45 (65.22%) | 5 (55.56%) | 119 (60.71%) | |
| Very Good / Good | 21 (30.43%) | 4 (44.44%) | 57 (29.08%) | |
| Health Insurance | ||||
| No | 25 (36.23%) | 3 (33.33%) | 48 (24.74%) | 0.176 |
| (0.180) | ||||
| Yes | 44 (63.77%) | 6 (66.67%) | 146 (75.26%) | |
| Doctor Recommendation | ||||
| No | 39 (59.09%) | 6 (75.00%) | 64 (34.97%) | < 0.001 |
| (< 0.001) | ||||
| Yes | 27 (40.91%) | 2 (25.00%) | 119 (65.03%) | |
| Regular Medical Check-up | ||||
| Every year | 47 (69.12%) | 8 (88.89%) | 104 (53.06%) | 0.011 |
| (0.011) | ||||
| Not every year | 21 (30.88%) | 1 (11.11%) | 92 (46.94%) | |
| Family Cancer History | ||||
| No | 41 (58.57%) | 3 (33.33%) | 93 (46.97%) | 0.153 |
| (0.143) | ||||
| Yes (any kind of cancers) | 29 (41.43%) | 6 (66.67%) | 105 (53.03%) | |
| Panel B. Continuous Variables | ||||
| Characteristics | Pre-Adoptionb (N = 71) | Refusalc (N = 9) | Adoptiond (N = 198) | P valuef |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Knowledgeg | −0.57 (0.63) | 0.14 (1.27) | 0.22 (1.02) | < 0.001 |
| Self-Efficacyg | −0.44 (0.96) | −1.03 (0.69) | 0.21 (0.94) | < 0.001 |
| Decisional Balanceg | −0.55 (1.12) | −0.51 (0.66) | 0.21 (0.90) | < 0.001 |
a
Based on adherence to annual mammography.
b
Pre-Adoption: PAPM stages 1, 2, and 3 / Refusal: PAPM stage 4 / Adoption: PAPM stages 5, 6, and 7
c
Pre-Adoption: PAPM stages 1, 2, and 3 / Refusal: PAPM stage 4 / Adoption: PAPM stages 5, 6, and 7
d
Pre-Adoption: PAPM stages 1, 2, and 3 / Refusal: PAPM stage 4 / Adoption: PAPM stages 5, 6, and 7
e
Sample sizes for individual characteristics may not equal total due to missing values
f
Chi-squared test for categorical variables (p-values for Fisher’s exact test in parenthesis) and F-test for continuous variables
g
Standardized scores