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. 2019 Jun;19(6):589–600. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30755-2

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Study sample

HES=Hospital Episode Statistics for England. PEDW=Patient Episode Database for Wales. *In this research, only data for England and Wales were considered; data collection for Northern Ireland commenced on Feb 1, 2013, and primary and revision procedures from this country could not be considered because of their low number and short follow-up. Data collection for the Isle of Man commenced on July 1, 2015, which was after the endpoint of the study and therefore these data were not considered. †As recorded in HES for the 5 years preceding the primary knee replacement.