Table 1.
EDs, perfectionism, DASS, BMI and other factors
| Factors | N | Number of included participants | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Possible trigger for EDs | 281 | ||
| Yes | 65 | 60.7 | |
| Exams | 27 | 41.53a | |
| Stress | 12 | 18.46a | |
| Concerts | 11 | 16.92a | |
| Relationship problems | 6 | 9.23a | |
| Work schedule | 5 | 7.69a | |
| Competitive environment | 4 | 6.15a | |
| No | 41 | 38.3 | |
| Eating habits affect their career or performance | 282 | ||
| Yesb | 108 | 38.3 | |
| Positively | 51 | 18.1 | |
| Negatively | 57 | 20.2 | |
| No | 174 | 61.7 | |
| If they had a higher income, they would change their diet | 297 | ||
| Yes | 124 | 41.8 | |
| No | 173 | 58.2 | |
| Are dependent or addicted to any particular food or drinks which they feel help them as musicians | 297 | ||
| Yes | 61 | 20.5 | |
| Caffeine | 24 | 39.34 | |
| Chocolate | 13 | 21.31 | |
| Alcohol | 11 | 18.03 | |
| Tea | 8 | 13.11 | |
| No | 236 | 79.5 | |
| Are currently receiving treatment for a medical or psychiatric condition | 258 | ||
| Yes | 67 | 26 | |
| Depression | 21 | 31.34 | |
| Gastrointestinal conditions | 12 | 17.91 | |
| Anxiety | 11 | 16.42 | |
| Bipolar disorder | 5 | 7.46 | |
| Chronic pain syndrome | 4 | 5.97 | |
| No | 191 | 74 | |
| Menstrual periods missed over the past 3–4 months | 175 | ||
| Yes | 25 | 14.28 | |
| N = 1 | 9 | 5.14 | |
| N = 2 | 3 | 1.71 | |
| N = 3 | 5 | 2.85 | |
| N = 4 | 7 | 4 | |
| Took the pill | 31 | 169 | 18.34 |
| The medical or psychiatric condition … their ED | |||
| Preceded | 11 | ||
| Coincided | 16 | ||
| Followed | 11 | ||
| BMI group | 291 | ||
| Severe thinness | 3 | 1 | |
| Moderate thinness | 4 | 1.4 | |
| Mild thinness | 16 | 5.5 | |
| Normal range | 171 | 58.8 | |
| Overweight | 71 | 24.4 | |
| Obese class I | 13 | 4.5 | |
| Obese class II | 5 | 1.7 | |
| Obese class III | 8 | 2.7 | |
| Factors | Mean ± SD | Number of included participants | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (median, IQR) (kg/m2) | 23.14, 20.08–26.23 | 291 | 23.42–25.02 |
| Height | 1.70 ± 0.9 | 1.69–1.71 | |
| Weight | 70.87 ± 20.13 | 68.55–73.19 | |
| Perfectionism inventory | 289 | ||
| Composite | 26.53 ± 5.74 | 25.86–27.19 | |
| Concern over mistakes | 2.89 ± 1.28 | 2.74–3.03 | |
| High standards for others | 3.19 ± 1.2 | 3.05–3.33 | |
| Need for approval | 3 ± 1.18 | 2.86–3.13 | |
| Organization | 3.79 ± 1.51 | 3.66–3.93 | |
| Perceived parental pressure | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.35–2.65 | |
| Planfulness | 4.08 ± 0.98 | 3.96–4.19 | |
| Rumination | 3.23 ± 1.14 | 3.1–3.36 | |
| Striving for excellence | 3.79 ± 1.12 | 3.66–3.92 | |
| DASS-21 | 282–287 | ||
| Stress | 29.82 ± 10.15 | 28.63–31 | |
| Anxiety | 23.02 ± 8.66 | 22.01–24.02 | |
| Depression | 25.95 ± 10.82 | 24.68–27.22 | |
| Peer pressure | 2.44 ± 1.08 | 385 | 2.32–2.57 |
| Social isolation | 2.63 ± 1.34 | 389 | 2.48–2.79 |
aThese percentages are from the participants that answered positively about having a trigger for their ED
bMany musicians reported the opposite, i.e. that their career affects their eating habits