Table 1.
Characteristics of T1D patients and comparison of groups
| Variables | Metformin-insulin | Insulin only | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.39 ± 3.48 (n = 38) | 30.30 ± 4.99 (n = 10) | 30.43 ± 2.89 (n = 28) | 0.828 |
| Duration (years) | 7.91 ± 5.80 (n = 38) | 4.83 ± 4.33 (n = 10) | 9.01 ± 5.93 (n = 28) | 0.055 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.35 ± 2.96 (n = 37) | 22.21 ± 3.22 (n = 10) | 22.40 ± 2.91 (n = 27) | 0.824 |
| Overweight | 35.1% (n = 37) | 30.0% (n = 10) | 37.0% (n = 27) | 1.000 |
| Chronic complications of diabetes | 7.9% (n = 38) | 0.0% (n = 10) | 10.7% (n = 28) | 0.552 |
| CS-II | 34.2% (n = 38) | 30.0% (n = 10) | 35.7% (n = 28) | 1.000 |
| First parity | 92.1% (n = 38) | 80.0% (n = 10) | 96.4% (n = 28) | 0.164 |
| Pre-pregnancy HbA1c (%) | 7.16 ± 1.32 (n = 30) | 7.65 ± 1.24 (n = 10) | 6.92 ± 1.32 (n = 20) | 0.033 |
| Late-pregnancy HbA1c (%) | 5.98 ± 0.82 (n = 28) | 6.09 ± 1.05 (n = 9) | 5.92 ± 0.71 (n = 19) | 0.863 |
| Change of HbA1c (%) | − 1.10 ± 1.15 (n = 25) | − 1.47 ± 1.17 (n = 9) | − 0.90 ± 1.13 (n = 19) | 0.202 |
| Pre-pregnancy insulin dose (U/kg·d) | 0.64 ± 0.23 (n = 35) | 0.59 ± 0.24 (n = 10) | 0.66 ± 0.23 (n = 25) | 0.559 |
| Late-pregnancy insulin dose (U/kg·d) | 1.11 ± 0.44 (n = 34) | 1.01 ± 0.42 (n = 10) | 1.15 ± 0.45 (n = 24) | 0.508 |
| Change of insulin dose (U/d) | 35.30 ± 22.60 (n = 31) | 35.9 ± 22.44 (n = 10) | 35.04 ± 23.22 (n = 21) | 0.933 |
| Change of weight (kg) | 15.21 ± 10.38 (n = 37) | 13.45 ± 5.66 (n = 10) | 15.87 ± 11.69 (n = 27) | 0.706 |
The bold values are represents that p value is < 0.05
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD) or percentage (%)
BMI body mass index, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, CS-II continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion