Trehalose levels in response to ethanol are independent of MucB, MucA cleavage, and KinB. Shown are trehalose levels of P. aeruginosa strain PA14 wild type and the validated mucB transposon mutant (A), P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 wild type and a mucA (MucA22) mutant (B), FRD1 and its isogenic algU::Tn derivative (C), and P. aeruginosa strain PA14 wild type and the ΔkinB mutant (D). Cultures were grown in M63 medium with and without 1% ethanol for 16 h. The data are representative of the results of at least 2 experiments, each with 3 biological replicates. The statistics are based on two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. ***, P < 0.0001; **, P ≤ 0.0002. The error bars indicate standard deviations.