Table 3. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
| Characteristics | No. | RFS | OS | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||||||
| Hazard ratio | HR (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio | HR (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio | HR (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio | HR (95% CI) | P | |||||
| Group | 0.3058 | 0.2207 | 0.6863 | 0.2907 | ||||||||||||
| ACT | 535 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| NCT | 68 | 0.83 | 0.58–1.18 | 0.79 | 0.54–1.15 | 0.9 | 0.53–1.52 | 0.74 | 0.43–1.29 | |||||||
| Age | 0.2457 | 0.1753 | ||||||||||||||
| ≤60 | 352 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| >60 | 251 | 0.88 | 0.71–1.09 | 1.22 | 0.91–1.64 | |||||||||||
| Gender | 0.7762 | 0.4790 | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 232 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Male | 371 | 1.03 | 0.83–1.27 | 1.11 | 0.83–1.49 | |||||||||||
| Smoking history | 0.8588 | 0.2263 | ||||||||||||||
| Never | 306 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Current/former | 297 | 1.02 | 0.83–1.25 | 1.19 | 0.90–1.59 | |||||||||||
| Tumor location | 0.4905 | 0.6843 | ||||||||||||||
| Central | 128 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Peripheral | 475 | 1.09 | 0.85–1.42 | 1.08 | 0.74–1.57 | |||||||||||
| Surgery approach | ||||||||||||||||
| MST | 522 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| VATS (vs. MST) | 65 | 0.82 | 0.59–1.14 | 0.2404 | 0.93 | 0.65–1.33 | 0.7008 | 0.58 | 0.34–0.98 | 0.0435 | 0.73 | 0.42–1.27 | 0.2697 | |||
| Thoracotomy (vs. MST) | 16 | 1.39 | 0.74–2.60 | 0.3099 | 1.52 | 0.8–2.88 | 0.2053 | 1.62 | 0.72–3.68 | 0.2456 | 1.68 | 0.72–3.89 | 0.2288 | |||
| Surgery type | ||||||||||||||||
| Lo | 493 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Sle (vs. Lo) | 17 | 1.31 | 0.69–2.46 | 0.4071 | 1.55 | 0.81–2.99 | 0.1881 | 2.04 | 0.95–4.37 | 0.0665 | 1.79 | 0.8–4 | 0.1592 | |||
| Bio (vs. Lo) | 49 | 1.29 | 0.89–1.89 | 0.1780 | 1.23 | 0.84–1.82 | 0.2844 | 2.20 | 1.42–3.43 | 0.0005 | 1.95 | 1.24–3.06 | 0.0039 | |||
| Pne (vs. Lo) | 44 | 0.83 | 0.54–1.28 | 0.3957 | 0.99 | 0.63–1.57 | 0.9687 | 1.30 | 0.77–2.22 | 0.3299 | 1.27 | 0.72–2.27 | 0.4106 | |||
| Pathology | ||||||||||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma (A) | 425 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Squamous (vs. A) | 135 | 0.77 | 0.59–1.01 | 0.0591 | 0.69 | 0.51–0.94 | 0.0173 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.82 | 0.174 | 1.11 | 0.74–1.64 | 0.6193 | |||
| Adenosquamous (vs. A) | 26 | 1.00 | 0.60–1.66 | 0.9941 | 0.94 | 0.56–1.58 | 0.8243 | 1.72 | 0.95–3.12 | 0.0712 | 1.62 | 0.88–2.99 | 0.1204 | |||
| Large cell (vs. A) | 15 | 2.06 | 1.10–3.88 | 0.0249 | 2.12 | 1.12–4.02 | 0.0218 | 2.58 | 1.20–5.54 | 0.0148 | 2.4 | 1.11–5.19 | 0.0264 | |||
| Other types (vs. A) | 2 | 0.57 | 0.08–4.05 | 0.5733 | 0.44 | 0.06–3.23 | 0.4224 | 0 | 0.9–inf | 0.9915 | 0 | 0–inf | 0.9918 | |||
| cT stage | ||||||||||||||||
| I | 271 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| II (vs. stage I) | 239 | 1.36 | 1.09–1.70 | 0.0072 | 1.34 | 1.06–1.7 | 0.0144 | 1.41 | 1.04–1.90 | 0.0265 | 1.22 | 0.89–1.67 | 0.2181 | |||
| III (vs. stage I) | 58 | 1.23 | 0.84–1.81 | 0.2892 | 1.21 | 0.81–1.82 | 0.3508 | 0.90 | 0.48–1.69 | 0.7459 | 0.83 | 0.43–1.58 | 0.5667 | |||
| IV (vs. stage I) | 35 | 0.78 | 0.47–1.31 | 0.3495 | 0.81 | 0.48–1.4 | 0.4544 | 0.57 | 0.25–1.31 | 0.1872 | 0.51 | 0.22–1.21 | 0.1290 | |||
| cN stage | ||||||||||||||||
| N0 | 278 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| N1 (vs. N0) | 60 | 1.08 | 0.71–0.63 | 0.7278 | 1.22 | 0.79–1.89 | 0.3734 | 0.84 | 0.41–1.75 | 0.6445 | 0.93 | 0.44–1.99 | 0.8578 | |||
| N2 (vs. N0) | 265 | 1.26 | 1.01–1.56 | 0.0384 | 1.28 | 1.01–1.61 | 0.0373 | 1.56 | 1.16–2.10 | 0.0032 | 1.42 | 1.03–1.95 | 0.0309 | |||
ACT, adjuvant chemotherapy; NCT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; MST, muscle-sparing thoracotomy; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.