Each class depends on a different set of factors for the Ca2+-induced fluorescence change. Shown are Ca2+-saturated/free ratios (Sat/Free) of ρe, φe, εe(λRmax), and σ2,e(λRmax) of (A) jRGECO1a, (B) K-GECO1, and (C) jREX-GECO1. Insets: Ca2+-saturated/free F1 and F2 ratios were both calculated from the independent measurements of ρe, φe, εe, and σ2,e (tan) and measured directly (green) as described for Fig. 5. The horizontal dashed line marks a Ca2+-saturated/free (Sat/Free) ratio of 1 (no change) for each plot. Error bars represent estimated SDs.