Figure 1.

(A) Manual segmentation process of cardiac DE-MRI performed with Seg3D, displaying three slices corresponding to the standard cardiac planes: short-axis (left), four-chamber plane (center) and long-axis showing the LV (right). (Note that in those views the LV appears on the right side and the RV on the left). Contours highlighted in distinct colors show: LV myocardium including the septum (red), RV myocardium (blue) and papillary muscles and endocardial trabeculations of LV (yellow) and RV (green). (B) Posterior view of a coronal cross-section (four-chamber plane) of the hexahedra-based FEM volume mesh of the 3D patient-specific ventricular model. Various cardiac regions are labeled with different colors: septum (blue), LV free wall (cyan), RV free wall (green) and papillary muscles and main endocardial trabeculations of LV (yellow) and RV (red). (C) Transmural heterogeneity of ventricular myocardium, showing the distribution of the three different kinds of ventricular myocytes: endo-, mid- (M cells), and epicardial cells. (D) Left antero-lateral view of the 3D ventricular model displaying a representation of cardiac fibers orientation at different wall depths (endocardium, mid-myocardium, and epicardium).