Figure 6.

Spatio-temporal clusters with significant three-way interactions of Stimulation × Valence × Study. (A) An early cluster at right occipital cortex regions revealed an effect consistent with our hypothesis for the Happy/Fear study with happy faces showing increased activation compared to fearful faces after excitatory vmPFC-tDCS and vice versa after inhibitory vmPFC-tDCS. For the Happy/Sad study, happy faces showed after both stimulations a relatively higher activation than sad faces, but this difference was relatively smaller after excitatory compared to inhibitory vmPFC-tDCS. (B) Similar to the early latency cluster, the activation pattern in a large late cluster spanning right occipital, parietal, and frontal, as well as superior temporal cortex for the Happy/Fear study was consistent with our hypothesis. However, an exact opposite activation pattern and thus contrary to our hypothesis occurred for study Happy/Sad. It is noteworthy that the spatio-temporal cluster reflects the finding of a two-way interaction consistent with our hypothesis previously reported for Happy/Fear alone (Winker et al., 2018). Bar graph insets indicate standard error of the mean (± SEM).