FIG 4.

Virus reactivation in resting CD4⁺ T cells generated in vitro. (A) Purified ex vivo CD4⁺ T cells and secondary expanded CD4⁺ T cells after 35 days of expansion were stimulated with PHA for 48 h, and virus production in the culture supernatants was evaluated. The HIV copy numbers are shown with the standard deviations. (B) The frequencies of latently infected CD4⁺ T cells harboring replication-competent virus were determined by using a standard quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA). The frequencies are shown as median infectious units per million CD4⁺ T cells (IUPM) with 95% confidence intervals. (C) Total HIV DNA copy number in ex vivo memory CD4⁺ T cells and expanded CD4⁺ T cells 35 and 42 days after secondary expansion.