Table 1.
Scientific and common names of selected spices evaluated in this review
| Num. | Name of spice | Scientific name | Part of the plant |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anise | Pimpinella anisum | Seed/fruit |
| 2 | Basil | Ocimum basilicum | Leaf |
| 3 | Black pepper | Piper nigrum | Berry |
| 4 | Caraway | Carum carvi | Fruit |
| 5 | Chili pepper | Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum pubescens | Fruit |
| 6 | Cinnamon | Cinnamomum | Bark |
| 7 | Clove | Syzygium aromaticum | Bud |
| 8 | Cumin | Cuminum cyminum | Seed |
| 9 | Dill | Anethum graveolens | Leaf/seed |
| 10 | Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare | Leaf/seed |
| 11 | Fenugreek | Trigonella foenum-graecum | Seed |
| 12 | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | Root |
| 13 | Lemongrass | Cymbopogon | Leaf |
| 14 | Marjoram | Origanum majorana | Leaf |
| 15 | Nutmeg | Myristica fragrans | Seed |
| 16 | Oregano | Origanum vulgare | Leaf |
| 17 | Parsley | Petroselinum crispum | Leaf |
| 18 | Peppermint | Mentha x piperita | Leaf |
| 19 | Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | Leaf |
| 20 | Saffron | Crocus sativus | Stigma (flower) |
| 21 | Sage | Salvia officinalis | Leaf |
| 22 | Spearmint | Mentha spicata | Leaf |
| 23 | Tarragon | Artemisia dracunculus | Leaf |
| 24 | Thyme | Thymus vulgaris | Leaf |
| 25 | Turmeric (curcumin) | Curcuma longa | Root |