Fig. 4.

Damage initiation stretches (λ) and Cauchy stresses (t) described by the hierarchical multiple linear regression that included age and risk factors. Unstandardized beta weights are provided within each bar, while the length of the bar corresponds to the standardized beta weights, representing the influence of each parameter on the damage characteristics. The R² value demonstrates the quality of the model, i.e. how much variability in the damage characteristics is described by demographics and risk factors. For example, damage initiation stretch in the longitudinal direction can be found as ${\lambda }_z^{D,ini}$ = 1.847 – 0.003∙BMI – 0.008∙Age (years), and the model explains 75% of variation in the damage initiation stretch ${\lambda }_z^{D,ini}$. BMI = Body Mass Index and DM = Diabetes Mellitus.